Maoism information

Mao Zedong Thought

Mao Zedong, for whom the ideology is named.

Simplified Chinese

毛泽东思想

Traditional Chinese

毛澤東思想

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Máo Zédōng sīxiǎng
Wade–Giles	Mao² Tse²-tung¹ ssŭ¹-hsiang³
IPA	[mǎʊ tsɤ̌.tʊ́ŋ sɨ́.ɕjàŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	Mo4 Zaak9-dung1 si1 soeng2

Maoism
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Variants Maoism–Third Worldism Mao-Spontex Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Gonzalo Thought Prachanda Path Nazi-Maoism
People Mao Zedong Faiz Ahmad Louis Althusser Samir Amin Bob Avakian Alain Badiou Mohan Baidya Afzal Bangash Charles Bettelheim Biplav Bo Xilai Chen Boda Chin Peng Pol Pot Pushpa Kamal Dahal Norm Gallagher Abimael Guzmán Harry Haywood Ted Hill İbrahim Kaypakkaya Jiang Qing Li Minqi Lin Biao Charu Majumdar Pierre Mulele Huey P. Newton Muppala Lakshmana Rao Siraj Sikder Jose Maria Sison Yao Wenyuan Akram Yari Wang Hongwen Zhang Chunqiao
Theoretical works Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan On Contradiction On Practice On Guerrilla Warfare On Protracted War On the Ten Major Relationships On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People A Critique of Soviet Economics Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung Historic Eight Documents
History Chinese Soviet Republic Jiangxi Soviet Long March Chinese Communist Revolution People's Republic of China 1949–1976 1976–1989 1989–2002 2002–present Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries Korean War Sino-Soviet split Great Leap Forward Black Power movement Cultural Revolution New Communist movement Naxalite–Maoist insurgency New People's Army rebellion Sino-Albanian split Maoist insurgency in Turkey Death and funeral of Mao Internal conflict in Peru Nepalese Civil War Chongqing model
Organizations Chinese Communist Party Communist Party of Kampuchea Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path National Democratic Front of the Philippines Communist Party of the Philippines New People's Army Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) Communist Party of India (Maoist) Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party Communist Party of Burma Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun Serve the People – Communist League Black Panther Party Revolutionary Internationalist Movement Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations International Communist League (Maoist)
Related topics Anarchism in China Feudal fascism Hoxhaism Guevarism Left communism in China Mao's cult of personality Nanjie National communism National Democracy Movement Naxalite New Left in China New Left in Japan Red Guards Red Star Over China Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang Thought reform in China
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Communism
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Economics Planned economy Gift economy Common ownership Socialization (Marxism) Economic democracy Use value
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History Communist League First International Second International Third International Fourth International
Organisations Communist Parties WPC WFTU WFDY IUS WIDF WFSW IOR
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Socialism
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Development Age of the Enlightenment French Revolution Revolutions of 1848 Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics
Ideas Calculation in kind Collective ownership Cooperative Common ownership Critique of political economy Economic democracy Economic planning Equal liberty Equal opportunity Free association Freed market Industrial democracy Input–output model Internationalism Labor-time calculation Labour voucher Material balance planning Peer‑to‑peer economics Production for use Sharing economy Spontaneism Social dividend Social ownership Socialism in one country Socialist mode of production Soviet democracy Strike action To each according to his contribution/needs Vanguardism Workers' self-management Workplace democracy
Models Communalism Socialist planned economy Decentralized planning Inclusive Democracy OGAS Project Cybersyn Soviet-type Market socialism Lange model Mutualism Socialist market economy Socialist-oriented market Participatory economics
Variants 21st-century African Arab Agrarian Anarchism Authoritarian Blanquism Buddhist Chinese Christian Communism Democratic Democratic road Digital Ethical Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Fourierism Free-market Gandhian Guild Islamic Jewish Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Marhaenism Market Marxism Municipal Nationalist Nkrumaism Owenism Popular Reformism Religious Revolutionary Ricardian Saint-Simonianism Scientific Sewer Social democracy State Syndicalism Third World Utopian Yellow Zionist
People Gracchi Brothers Mazdak Ball More Winstanley Morelly Hall Saint-Simon Buonarroti Owen Fourier Thompson Hodgskin Schulz Leroux Babeuf Pecqueur Sue Blanqui Ledru-Rollin Dézamy Considerant Proudhon Blanc Andrews Herzen Bakunin Marx Engels Wallace Lavrov Pi Lassalle Saltykov Chernyshevsky Tolstoy Michel Morris Jones Bebel Lorenzo Mainwaring Kropotkin Carpenter Sorel Parsons Bernstein Iglesias Parsons León Malatesta Kautsky Wilde Taylor Debs Plekhanov Ferrer Dewey Barone Wells Markievicz Du Bois Gorky Connolly Goldman Gandhi Landauer Berkman Luxemburg Liebknecht Blum Russell Pannekoek Larkin Einstein Trotsky Keller Tawney Schapiro Pankhurst Attlee Lukács Pestaña Korsch Polanyi Peiró Seguí Vanzetti Makhno Cole Gramsci Sacco Petrichenko Tito Maksimov Leval Nagy Durruti Gerhardsen Santillán Day Marcuse James García Ascaso Erlander Orwell Mattick Douglas Montseny Sartre Senghor Allende van der Lubbe Kreisky Mitterrand Chartrand Nasser Mandela Bookchin Dubček Zinn Castoriadis Gorz Thompson Lefort Ward Manley Che Chomsky Gorbachev Scargill Fotopoulos Wolff Ali Lula Holloway Žižek Öcalan Corbyn Sankara West Chávez Hedges Marcos Graeber Varoufakis
Organizations International socialist organizations Socialist parties
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Maoism, also known as Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies^[1] rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to distinguish it from the original ideas of Mao.^[2]^[3]^[4]

From the 1950s until the Chinese economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s, Maoism was the political and military ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and Maoist revolutionary movements worldwide.^[5] After the Sino-Soviet split of the 1960s, the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union each claimed to be the sole heir and successor to Joseph Stalin concerning the correct interpretation of Marxism–Leninism and the ideological leader of world communism.^[2]

The term "Maoism" is a creation of Mao's supporters; Mao himself always rejected it and preferred the use of the term "Mao Zedong Thought".^[6]^{[page needed]}^[7]

^ Mao, Zedong. "On Guerilla Warfare". Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
^ ^a ^b Lenman, B.P.; Anderson, T., eds. (2000). Chambers Dictionary of World History. p. 769.
^ Moufawad-Paul, J. (2016). Continuity and Rupture: Philosophy in the Maoist Terrain. New York City: Zero Books. ISBN 978-1785354762.
^ Lovell, Julia (2019). Maoism: A Global History. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-525-65605-0. Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
^ Meisner, Maurice (Jan–Mar 1971). "Leninism and Maoism: Some Populist Perspectives on Marxism-Leninism in China". The China Quarterly. 45 (45): 2–36. doi:10.1017/S0305741000010407. JSTOR 651881. S2CID 154407265.
^ Wittfogel, Karl A. (1960). "The Legend of 'Maoism'". The China Quarterly (1): 72–86. doi:10.1017/S0305741000022712. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 763346. S2CID 153676792.
^ Chen, Jin (1 July 2016). 毛泽东眼里的"毛泽东". People's Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 25 March 2023. 毛泽东不同意叫“主义”，而接受“思想”的说法，按他的意思，他是马克思、列宁的学生，不敢和他们并列，再说那时他认为自己的思想作为一种“体系”还没有成熟。 [Mao Zedong disagreed with the term 'Maoism' and preferred the term 'Mao Zedong thought' as he thought of himself as a student of Marx and Lenin hesitated to place himself alongside them. Moreover, at that time, he believed that his thoughts had not matured into a complete system.]

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