Members of local elite born in Venezuela descendant of Spaniards
Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte, 18th century Mantuano.
Mantuano is a denomination assigned, first in Caracas and later in the rest of Venezuela, to the blancos criollos (white creole) belonging to the local aristocracy.[1][2] The term was in use from the 18th century until well into the 19th century.[1] The mantuanos hardly surpassed a hundred heads of family by the end of the 18th century.[1]
The mantuanos were also called "grandes cacaos", because they became rich with the cultivation and commercialization of cocoa.[2] They were also called blancos criollos.[3] The name blanco criollo only indicates that a person was born in America and was a descendant of Spaniards, while the word mantuano refers to members of the local elite.[3] Other whites who also had the same birthplace and ancestry of Spanish origin, such as the blancos de orilla, were not part of the mantuano circle.
^ abc"Mantuanos". Empresas Polar (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
^ ab"Mantuanos". revista El desafío de la historia (in Spanish). Retrieved March 27, 2014.
^ abCarrero Mora, Ricaurte (2011). "Los blancos en la sociedad colonial venezolana: Representaciones sociales e ideología". revista Paradigma (in Spanish). Retrieved March 27, 2014.
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