Ginza Rabba, Qolasta, Mandaean Book of John, Haran Gawaita, etc. (see more)
Languages
Mandaic as liturgical language
Neo-Mandaic
Mesopotamian Arabic (in Iraq, Jordan, Syria and diaspora)
Persian (in Iran and diaspora)
Swedish, English etc. as a second language in diasporas.
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Mandaeism
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Mandaeans (Arabic: المندائيونal-Mandāʾiyyūn), also known as Mandaean Sabians (الصابئة المندائيونal-Ṣābiʾa al-Mandāʾiyyūn) or simply as Sabians (الصابئةal-Ṣābiʾa),[b] are an ethnoreligious group who are followers of Mandaeism. They believe that John the Baptist was the final and most important prophet. They may have been among the earliest religious groups to practice baptism, as well as among the earliest adherents of Gnosticism, a belief system of which they are the last surviving representatives today.[24][25]: 109 The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, an Eastern Aramaic language, before they nearly all switched to Mesopotamian Arabic or Persian as their main language.
After the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies in 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which before the war numbered 60,000–70,000 persons, collapsed due to the rise of Islamic extremism and the absence of protection against it, with most of the community relocating to Iran, Syria and Jordan, or forming diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. Mandaeans have been forcibly converted to Islam, making them apostates from Islam if they revert to their religion, thereby risking being murdered. Such Mandaeans have voiced feeling unsafe in any Muslim country for this reason.[26][27][28][29][30]
The remaining community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over the decades. Unlike other religious minorities such as Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians, Mandaeans have no protection from persecution whatsoever, similar to Baháʼís in Iran.[15][31][32] By 2007, the population of Mandaeans in Iraq had fallen to approximately 5,000.[29]
There are estimated to be 60,000–100,000 Mandaeans worldwide.[11] About 10,000 Mandaeans live in Australia and between 10,000 and 20,000 in Sweden, making them the countries with the most Mandaeans.[5][7] There are about 2,500 Mandaeans in Jordan, the largest Mandaean community in the Middle East outside of Iraq and Iran.[18]
^Bell, Matthew (October 6, 2016). "These Iraqi immigrants revere John the Baptist, but they're not Christians". The World. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
^Thaler, Kai (March 9, 2007). "Iraqi minority group needs U.S. attention". Yale Daily News. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
^ abc"The Mandaeans – Who are the Mandaeans?". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^Larsson, Göran; Sorgenfrei, Simon; Stockman, Max (2017). "Religiösa minoriteter från Mellanöstern" (PDF). Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^ abcdHanish, Shak (2019). The Mandaeans In Iraq. In Rowe, Paul S. (2019). Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East. London and New York: Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 9781317233794.
^"The strength within: The role of refugee community organisations in settlement-Case study: Sabean Mandean Association". Refugee Council of Australia. January 26, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
^ abHegarty, Siobhan (July 21, 2017). "Meet the Mandaeans: Australian followers of John the Baptist celebrate new year". ABC. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^Hinchey, Rebecca. "Mandaens, a unique culture" (PDF). NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^MacQuarrie, Brian (August 13, 2016). "Embraced by Worcester, Iraq's persecuted Mandaean refugees now seek 'anchor'—their own temple". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
^Cite error: The named reference office was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abSly, Liz (November 16, 2008). "'This is one of the world's oldest religions, and it is going to die.'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^Busch, Matthew; Ross, Robyn (February 18, 2020). "Against The Current". Texas Observer. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
^ abcdeFarhan, Salam; al Roomi, Layla; Nashi, Suhaib (October 2015). "Submission on behalf of the Mandaean Human Rights Group to the Human Rights Committee's Periodic Review of Iraq in October 2015" (PDF). OHCHR. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
^Salloum, Saad (August 29, 2019). "Iraqi Mandaeans fear extinction". Al-Monitor. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
^ abContrera, Russell. "Saving the people, killing the faith – Holland, MI". The Holland Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
^Verschiedene Gemeinschaften / neuere religiöse Bewegungen, in: Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst|Religionswissenschaftliche Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID), Retrieved 9 October 2016
^Castelier, Sebastian; Dzuilka, Margaux (June 9, 2018). "Jordan's Mandaean minority fear returning to post-ISIS Iraq". The National. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
^ abErsan, Mohammad (February 2, 2018). "Are Iraqi Mandaeans better off in Jordan?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
^Sido, Kamal (October 7, 2010). "Leader of the world's Mandaeans asks for help". Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker. Archived from the original on February 11, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^Fraser, Tim (July 31, 2015). "Canadians working to rescue Mandaean people on brink of extinction in Iraq". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^Schou, Kim; Højland, Marie-Louise (May 6, 2013). "Hvem er mandæerne?". Religion.dk(Danish). Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^Koskinen, Paula (July 14, 2014). "Mandealaiset saivat joukkokasteen Pyhäjärvessä". Yle. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
^"Religion : la Touraine, refuge des Sabéens-Mandéens". la Nouvelle Republique. April 23, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
^McGrath, James (January 23, 2015), "The First Baptists, The Last Gnostics: The Mandaeans", YouTube-A lunchtime talk about the Mandaeans by Dr. James F. McGrath at Butler University, retrieved November 3, 2021
^Cite error: The named reference BuckleyOrigin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Crawford, Angus (March 4, 2007). "Iraq's Mandaeans 'face extinction'". BBC News. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
^Genocide Watch: Mandaeans of Iraq Archived May 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^"Saving the people, killing the faith". The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
^ abDeutsch, Nathaniel (October 6, 2007). "Save the Gnostics". The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
^Iraqi minority group needs U.S. attention Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, Kai Thaler, Yale Daily News, 9 March 2007.
^"Смена юр адреса – Перерегистрация юридического адреса". Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
^al Sheati, Ahmed (December 6, 2011). "Iran Mandaeans in exile following persecution". Al Arabiya. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
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Mandaeans. There are about 2,500 Mandaeans in Jordan, the largest Mandaean community in the Middle East outside of Iraq and Iran. The name "Mandaean"...
: 4 : 1 Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah...
creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London. Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and...
before the Muslim authorities to have the Mandaeans recognized as a People of the Book. The contemporary Mandaean priesthood can trace its immediate origins...
with the Mandaeans in southern Iraq during the 1850s, where he worked Yahya Bihram as his primary informant. In the early 20th century, Mandaean studies...
(ࡌࡀࡋࡅࡀࡔࡀ) in Mandaic. Mandaean birth names are secular names that are given at birth and are used by non-Mandaeans to refer to Mandaeans in everyday life....
Mandaean Australians are Australians of Mandaean descent or Mandaeans who have Australian citizenship. As of 2023, Australia has the largest Mandaean...
concentrations of Mandaeans were in Amarah, Nasiriyah and Basra. Besides these southern regions and Ahvaz in Iran, large numbers of Mandaeans were found in...
Göttingen, 1961; Kurt Rudolph, Mandaeans (Leiden: Brill, 1967); Christa Müller-Kessler, Sacred Meals and Rituals of the Mandaeans”, in David Hellholm, Dieter...
Mandean or Mandaean may refer to: Mandaeism, a Gnostic religion Mandaeans, the ethnoreligious group who follow the Gnostic religion Mandean, the language...
Mandaeans in the United States refers to people born in or residing in the United States of Mandaean origin, or those considered to be ethnic Mandaeans...
Several thousand Swedish Mandaeans were granted asylum status as refugees from persecution in Iraq and Syria. The first Mandaeans came to Sweden in the 1970s...
'Messiah') is mentioned in Mandaean texts such as the Ginza Rabba, Mandaean Book of John, and Haran Gawaita. Mandaeans consider Miriai, a convert from...
Asiatic Society, 1949. Ethel Stefana Drower: Mandaeans. Liturgy and Ritual. The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Translated with notes. Leiden: E. J. Brill...
currently serves as the head of the Mandaean Council of Ahvaz. The council has a 13-member board of directors. Mandaeans in Ahvaz and nearby towns nominate...
used by Mandaeans Temple menorah, represents light of God and symbolizes creation in seven days Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient...
Baptizer' Iuhana Maṣbana) is considered the greatest prophet of the Mandaeans. Mandaeans also refer to him as Yuhana bar Zakria (John, son of Zechariah)....
Liverpool, Sydney". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. Retrieved 6 November 2021. "الشيخ دخيل الشيخ عيدان". mandaeans.org. 2008-10-07. Archived from the...
Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Bukovec, Predrag; Bladel, Kevin Van (2018). "Review: From Sasanian Mandaeans to Ṣābians of the Marshes"...
Nasoraeans, Mandaeans believe that they constitute the true congregation of bnai nhura meaning 'Sons of Light', a term used by the Essenes.: 50 Mandaean scripture...
reconstructing Mandaean history. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-621-9. Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2023). 1800 Years of Encounters with Mandaeans. Gorgias...
(2005). The Mandaeans and the Jews. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. ISBN 0-9580346-2-1. OCLC 68208613. Masco, Maire (2012). The Mandaeans: Gnostic...
The Mandaean Book of John (Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡀ ࡖࡉࡀࡄࡉࡀ, romanized: Drāšā ḏ-Yaḥyā) is a Mandaean holy book in Mandaic Aramaic which Mandaeans attribute...
mostly Arabs, as well as Kurds, Turkmen, Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Persians and Shabakis with similarly diverse geography and wildlife....