The purposeful, coordinated movement of people and buildings away from risks
Tollesbury Managed Realignment site in Essex, the first large-scale attempt at salt-marsh restoration in the UK
Managed retreat involves the purposeful, coordinated movement of people and buildings away from risks. This may involve the movement of a person, infrastructure (e.g., building or road), or community. It can occur in response to a variety of hazards such as flood, wildfire, or drought. Politicians, insurers, and residents are increasingly paying attention to managed retreat from low-lying coastal areas because of the threat of sea level rise due to climate change.[1] Trends in climate change predict substantial sea level rises worldwide, causing damage to human infrastructure through coastal erosion[2] and putting communities at risk of severe coastal flooding.[3]
Climate change adaptation strategies to reduce risks from sea level rise for coastal communities: ➀ no response; ② advanced protection; ③ adjustment; ④ advancement; ⑤ strategic retreat; ⑥ ecosystem-based adaptation.
The type of managed retreat proposed depends on the location and type of natural hazard,[4][5][6] and on local policies and practices for managed retreat. In the United Kingdom, managed realignment through removal of flood defences is often a response to sea-level rise exacerbated by local subsidence. In the United States, managed retreat often occurs through voluntary acquisition and demolition or relocation of at-risk properties by government.[7][8] In the Global South, relocation may occur through government programs.[9] Some low-lying countries, facing inundation due to sea-level rise, are planning for the relocation of their populations, such as Kiribati planning for "Migration with Dignity".[10]
^Kool, Rick; Lawrence, Judy; Drews, Martin; Bell, Robert (2020-11-01). "Preparing for Sea-Level Rise through Adaptive Managed Retreat of a New Zealand Stormwater and Wastewater Network". Infrastructures. 5 (11): 92. doi:10.3390/infrastructures5110092. ISSN 2412-3811.
^Leatherman, S. P., Zhang, K., & Douglas, B. C. (2000). Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 81(6), 55-57.
^Vitousek, S., Barnard, P. L., Fletcher, C. H., Frazer, N., Erikson, L., & Storlazzi, C. D. (2017). Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea-level rise. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-9.
^Greiving, Stefan; Du, Juan; Puntub, Wiriya (7 November 2018). "Managed Retreat — A Strategy for the Mitigation of Disaster Risks with International and Comparative Perspectives". Journal of Extreme Events. 05 (2n03): 1850011. doi:10.1142/S2345737618500112. S2CID 169804224.
^Siders, A.R.; Hino, Miyuki; Mach, Katharine J. (23 August 2019). "The case for strategic and managed climate retreat". Science. 365 (6455): 761–763. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..761S. doi:10.1126/science.aax8346. PMID 31439787.
^Hino, Miyuki; Field, Christopher B.; Mach, Katharine J. (May 2017). "Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk". Nature Climate Change. 7 (5): 364–370. Bibcode:2017NatCC...7..364H. doi:10.1038/nclimate3252.
^Cite error: The named reference Mach et al 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Siders, A.R. (October 2019). "Managed Retreat in the United States". One Earth. 1 (2): 216–225. Bibcode:2019OEart...1..216S. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.09.008.
^Ajibade, Idowu (2 September 2019). "Planned retreat in Global South megacities: disentangling policy, practice, and environmental justice". Climatic Change. 157 (2): 299–317. Bibcode:2019ClCh..157..299A. doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02535-1. S2CID 201716223.
^
McNamara, Karen E (May 2015). "Cross-border migration with dignity in Kiribati". Forced Migration Review. The 'migration with dignity' policy is part of Kiribati's long-term nation-wide relocation strategy.
Managedretreat involves the purposeful, coordinated movement of people and buildings away from risks. This may involve the movement of a person, infrastructure...
February 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023. "Prof Jonathan Boston: how to managemanagedretreat". Radio New Zealand. 25 February 2023. Archived from the original...
relative costs of attempting to maintain the status quo compared to managedretreat. List of lakes of British Columbia Sumas (disambiguation) Sumas River...
of stakeholders on the opposite extreme of the spectrum calls for managedretreat where existing utilities and structures are ripped out and nature is...
worst effects or, when populations are at extreme risk, a process of managedretreat. The term above sea level generally refers to the height above mean...
residents. Managedretreat is an alternative to constructing or maintaining coastal structures. Managedretreat allows an area to erode. Managedretreat is often...
wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of...
this century. Societies can adapt to sea level rise in multiple ways. Managedretreat, accommodating coastal change, or protecting against sea level rise...
"headland breakwater" (breakwater connected to the shore with groyne). Managedretreat, the shoreline is left to erode, while relocating buildings and infrastructure...
Park. It is in an area that had been listed by Gwynedd Council for managedretreat due to rising sea levels. Fairbourne is part of the historic county...
and areas of the coast converted back to salt marsh in a process of "managedretreat". From the shoreline of Sutton on Sea and various other places along...
Island which was the location for the first experiments in the UK in 'managedretreat', i.e. creating saltmarsh by setting sea walls back from what are perceived...
Abandonment of shore: do nothing, let the natural process takeover. Managedretreat, also called realignment. Hold the shoreline: by using shoreline hardening...
intervene to keep people safe.: 1079–1081 This is also referred to as managedretreat. Nature-based solutions (NBS) work with nature and ecosystems to provide...
2019. However, this part of the coastline is designated as being in managedretreat. In September 2015, stage three of the Tour of Britain came through...
these kinds of floods may develop into coastal flooding that requires managedretreat or other more extensive climate change adaptation practices are needed...
year. The coast and surrounding communities have had to implement managedretreat. The area has boundaries which are clearly defined by the rising land...
breached, and the land behind opened to the tides as part of a policy of managed realignment. This took the pressure off the remaining sea defences with...
The Great Retreat (French: Grande Retraite), also known as the retreat from Mons, was the long withdrawal to the River Marne in August and September 1914...
when the coastal infrastructure is no longer financially sustainable, managedretreat to remove communities from the coast. A passenger car ferry arrives...
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