Malayan National Liberation Army information

Malayan National Liberation Army
Malayan National Liberation Army
馬來亞民族解放軍; Tentera Pembebasan Kebangsaan Malaya
	Flag of the Malayan National Liberation Army
Dates of operation	February 1, 1949 – December 2, 1989
Allegiance	Communist Party of Malaya
Group(s)	10th Malay Regiment; Min Yuen;
Active regions	Northern Malaya and Southern Thailand
Ideology	Communism; Marxism–Leninism; Mao Zedong Thought;
Political position	Far-left
Size	8,000
Allies	China (until 1976); Indonesia (until 1965); North Vietnam (until 1976); Vietnam (from 1976);
Opponents	United Kingdom Malaya; Singapore; Kenya; Southern Rhodesia (until 1953); Rhodesia and Nyasaland (after 1953); Fiji; Australia; New Zealand; Thailand;
Battles and wars	Malayan Emergency; Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989);
	Preceded by; Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army; Young Malays Union;

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The Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), often mistranslated as the Tentera Pembebasan Kebangsaan Malaya, was a communist guerrilla army that fought for Malayan independence from the British Empire during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) and later fought against the Malaysian government in the Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989).^[4] Their central committee was a trade union activist known as Chin Peng who had previously been awarded an OBE by the British for waging a guerrilla war against the Japanese occupation of Malaya.^[5] Many MNLA fighters were former members of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) which had been previously trained and funded by the British to fight against Japan during the Second World War.^[6]

In 1989 the Communist Party of Malaya signed a peace treaty with the Malaysian state and the MNLA and the Party settled in villages in southern Thailand.

^ Tourism Malaysia http://www.spiritofmalaysia.co.uk/page/malaya-emergency Archived 8 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Implications for South Asia from The New Delhi International Workshop on International Terrorism in Southeast Asia and its Likely Implications for South Asia April 2004 – Pub. Pearson Education India, 2005 ISBN 8129709988 p. 203
^ "The Myth Of Ethnic Conflict" by Beverly Crawford & Ronnie D. Lipshutz University of California at Berkeley 1998 ISBN 978-0877251989 p. 3
^ Postgate, Malcolm; Air Historical Branch, Ministry of Defence (1992). Operation Firedog : air support in the Malayan emergency, 1948-1960. London: H.M.S.O. pp. 4–14. ISBN 9780117727243.
^ Burleigh, Michael (2013). Small Wars, Faraway Places: Global Insurrection and the Making of the Modern World 1945–1965. New York: Viking – Penguin Group. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-670-02545-9.
^ Newsinger, John (2015). British Counterinsurgency (2nd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-230-29824-8.

[1] Tourism Malaysia http://www.spiritofmalaysia.co.uk/page/malaya-emergency Archived 8 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[2] Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Implications for South Asia from The New Delhi International Workshop on International Terrorism in Southeast Asia and its Likely Implications for South Asia April 2004 – Pub. Pearson Education India, 2005 ISBN 8129709988 p. 203

[3] "The Myth Of Ethnic Conflict" by Beverly Crawford & Ronnie D. Lipshutz University of California at Berkeley 1998 ISBN 978-0877251989 p. 3

[Postgate69-4] Postgate, Malcolm; Air Historical Branch, Ministry of Defence (1992). Operation Firedog : air support in the Malayan emergency, 1948-1960. London: H.M.S.O. pp. 4–14. ISBN 9780117727243.

[:0-5] Burleigh, Michael (2013). Small Wars, Faraway Places: Global Insurrection and the Making of the Modern World 1945–1965. New York: Viking – Penguin Group. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-670-02545-9.

[6] Newsinger, John (2015). British Counterinsurgency (2nd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-230-29824-8.

Malayan National Liberation Army information

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Malayan National Liberation Army
馬來亞民族解放軍 Tentera Pembebasan Kebangsaan Malaya
Flag of the Malayan National Liberation Army
Dates of operation	February 1, 1949 (1949-02-01) – December 2, 1989 (1989-12-02)
Allegiance	Communist Party of Malaya
Group(s)	10th Malay Regiment Min Yuen
Active regions	Northern Malaya and Southern Thailand
Ideology	Communism Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought
Political position	Far-left
Size	8,000^[1]^[2]^[3]
Allies	China (until 1976) Indonesia (until 1965) North Vietnam (until 1976) Vietnam (from 1976)
Opponents	United Kingdom Malaya Singapore Kenya Southern Rhodesia (until 1953) Rhodesia and Nyasaland (after 1953) Fiji Australia New Zealand Thailand
Battles and wars	Malayan Emergency Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)
Preceded by Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army Young Malays Union