Malaria vaccines are vaccines that prevent malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which annually affects an estimated 247 million people worldwide and causes 619,000 deaths.[2] The first approved vaccine for malaria is RTS,S, known by the brand name Mosquirix.[1] As of April 2023[update], the vaccine has been given to 1.5million children living in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission.[3] It requires at least three doses in infants by age 2, and a fourth dose extends the protection for another 1–2 years.[4][5] The vaccine reduces hospital admissions from severe malaria by around 30%.[4]
Research continues with other malaria vaccines. The most effective malaria vaccine is the R21/Matrix-M, with a 77% efficacy rate shown in initial trials and significantly higher antibody levels than with the RTS,S vaccine. It is the first vaccine that meets the World Health Organization's (WHO) goal of a malaria vaccine with at least 75% efficacy,[6][7] and only the second malaria vaccine to be recommended by the WHO.[8] In April 2023, Ghana's Food and Drugs Authority approved the use of the R21 vaccine for use in children aged between five months and three years old.[9] Following Ghana's decision, Nigeria provisionally approved the R21 vaccine.[10]
^ abcCite error: The named reference EMA Mosquirix was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^World Malaria Report 2022 - World Health Organization. Switzerland: World Health Organization. 8 December 2022. ISBN 978-92-4-006489-8.
^Cite error: The named reference who-rts was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference npr-052022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^World Health Organization (2022). "Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper – March 2022". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 97 (9): 60–78. hdl:10665/352337.
^Cite error: The named reference bbc-r21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference EurekAlert042021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization". 2 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference bbc-r21-202304 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The country with the highest rate of malaria deaths in the world has approved Oxford's vaccine". Quartz. 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
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