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Malagasy Protectorate
Protectorat français de Madagascar(French) Protectorate Frantsa ny Madagasikara (Malagasy)
1882–1897
Flag
Coat of arms
Malagasy Protectorate
Status
Protectorate of France
Common languages
Malagasy, French
Government
Unitary semi-feudal constitutional monarchy
Historical era
Scramble for Africa
• Established
1882
• Establishment of French Madagascar
28 February 1897
ISO 3166 code
MG
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Merina Kingdom
French Madagascar
Part of a series on the
History of Madagascar
Ancient history
c. 500 BCE–700 CE
Exploration era
c. 700–1500
Merina Kingdom
1540–1897
French protectorate
1882–1897
French colony
1897–1958
First Republic
1958–1975
Second Republic
1975–1992
Third Republic
1992–2010
High Transitional Authority
2009–2014
Fourth Republic
2014–present
Category
Commons
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The Malagasy Protectorate was a French protectorate in what is now Madagascar. Through the protectorate, France attempted to control the foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Imerina through its representative at Antananarivo. France declared the island a protectorate in 1882 after reaching an agreement with Britain, which had been the first European power to establish a lasting influence and presence on the island that dated back to the arrival of London Missionary Society missionaries around 1820; Britain agreed to sanction French claims to Madagascar in exchange for French recognition of its claims to Zanzibar. The French justified the establishment of a protectorate on the basis of land claims over outlying islands like Nosy Be and Nosy Boraha and a treaty signed with a local leader of the western coastal Sakalava people. It was further justified through documents signed by King Radama II, including a letter he was possibly tricked into signing that entreated Napoleon III to support a coup d'état against Ranavalona I, and land ownership agreements with French industrialist Joseph-François Lambert that were revoked upon Radama's assassination in 1863. It ended in 1897 as Madagascar became a French colony.
Successive sovereigns Ranavalona II and Ranavalona III and their Prime Minister, Rainilaiarivony, rejected the claim of French protectorate status and consistently refused to acknowledge the French representative or submit to the demands of the French, who attempted to impose control over Madagascar's foreign affairs and trade. The Malagasy government sent letters to foreign trade and diplomatic allies, including Britain and the United States, to request they advocate to France on behalf of Madagascar for continued Malagasy independence. France engaged Madagascar diplomatically and bombarded coastal cities in an attempt to enforce its claims, but Madagascar continued to govern its affairs with relatively little interference.
As a result, a French expeditionary force occupied Antananarivo in September 1895 and imprisoned the queen and prime minister. In January 1897 France declared Madagascar a French colony and deported the prime minister to Algeria, where he died shortly afterward. A civil governor was put in place and key opposition figures were imprisoned or executed. The queen was allowed to continue managing certain internal affairs as a figurehead. A popular resistance movement, called the Menalamba rebellion, arose in response to the perceived corruption and ineffectiveness of the monarchy, growing European presence and influence on the island, and the spread of Christianity. After violently quelling the rebellion in 1897, the French executed key members of the royal family and sent the queen into exile first in Réunion and later Algeria, where she died in 1917.
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The MalagasyProtectorate was a French protectorate in what is now Madagascar. Through the protectorate, France attempted to control the foreign affairs...
Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as MalagasyProtectorate. The protectorate became a colony, following Queen Ranavalona...
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office) History of Madagascar Merina Kingdom List of Imerina monarchs MalagasyProtectorate French Madagascar Franco-Hova Wars French colonial empire http://www...
recognizing France's authority on the island. This led in 1890 to the MalagasyProtectorate, which was however rejected by the native government of Madagascar...
1969–1972 Flag of Libya 1977–2011 Flag of Libya 1885–1896 Flag of the MalagasyProtectorate 2010–2012 Flag of Malawi 1959–1961 Flag of Mali 1854–1857 Flag of...
deposition of Queen Ranavalona III and the creation of the MalagasyProtectorate. The protectorate would soon become French Madagascar. Under French rule...
1822–1828 2:3 Flag of the Merina Kingdom, c. 1810–1885 2:3 Flag of the MalagasyProtectorate, 1885–1896 2:3 The French tricolour of the colonial period, 1896–1958...
Banc du Geyser), though the island group was never a part of the MalagasyProtectorate, having been a part of the Colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then...
The Malagasy Republic (Malagasy: Repoblika Malagasy, French: République malgache) was a state situated in Southeast Africa. It was established in 1958...
Le Myre de Vilers broke negotiation and effectively declared war on the Malagasy monarchy. An expeditionary corps was sent under General Jacques Duchesne...
of Merina, or Kingdom of Madagascar, officially the Kingdom of Imerina (Malagasy: Fanjakan'Imerina; c. 1540–1897), was a pre-colonial state off the coast...
Legion. Despite the Glorioso Islands never having been a part of the MalagasyProtectorate but a part of the colony of Mayotte and dependencies, then a part...
total metropolitan population approaching three million. All eighteen Malagasy ethnic groups, as well as residents of Chinese, Indian, European and other...
Antsiranana (Malagasy: Antsiranana Malagasy pronunciation: [antsʲˈraŋanə̥]), named Diego-Suarez prior to 1975, is a city in the far north of Madagascar...
The Democratic Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy, French: République démocratique de Madagascar) was a socialist state that...
belief, termed the "Malagasy secret", is so widespread that some Malagasy refer to the island's people as the Diaspora Jiosy Gasy (Malagasy Jewish Diaspora)...
Government-General of Madagascar (1897 - 1958) Emblem of the Malagasy Republic Seal of the Malagasy Republic Emblem of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar...
the French taking full control of the island and establishing the MalagasyProtectorate. The Merina monarch, Ranavalona III, was exiled to the French colonies...
memoriachilena.gob.cl. Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979...
MalagasyProtectorate (1882–1897) (Part of the French Empire) Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958) (Part of the French Empire) Malagasy Republic...
central bank for the colony. Following the establishment of the MalagasyProtectorate, France took over direct administration of Madagascar as a colony...
settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life. Consequently, there are 18 or more classified peoples of...
are the largest ethnic group in Madagascar. They are the "highlander" Malagasy ethnic group of the African island and one of the country's eighteen official...
University Press, 2008 p. 68. Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979...
still existed, in nominal form, during the period when the country was a protectorate of European colonial powers. Source: Treaty of Fes Rose, Leo E.; Margaret...