Global InformationMajority minority in the United States information
In the United States of America, majority-minority area or minority-majority area is a term describing a U.S. state or jurisdiction whose population is composed of less than 50% non-Hispanic whites. Racial data is derived from self-identification questions on the U.S. census and on U.S. Census Bureau estimates. (See race and ethnicity in the United States census). The term is often used in voting rights law to designate voting districts that are designed under the Voting Rights Act to enable ethnic or language minorities "the opportunity to elect their candidate of choice."[1] In that context, the term was first used by the Supreme Court in 1977.[2] The Court had previously used the term in employment discrimination and labor relations cases.[3]
- Seven states are majority-minority: Hawaii, New Mexico, California, Texas, Nevada,[4][5][6] Maryland,[7] and, if Hispanic Whites are separated from Non-Hispanic Whites, Georgia.[8] Hawaii never had a white majority.[9]
- Washington, D.C., and all populated United States territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa) are also majority-minority. None of the current United States territories ever had a white majority.
- As of 2011, minority births (children under age 1) are the majority among births nationwide.[10]
- As of 2017, minority children comprise the majority among children in fourteen states: the six that are already majority-minority, plus the following eight: Arizona, Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, Delaware, Alaska, New York, and Mississippi.[11]
- As of 2019, children are majority minority nationwide.[12]
- Per the 2020 United States Census, the percentage of non-Hispanic white residents is below 60% in seventeen states: the six that are already majority-minority, plus the following eleven: Georgia (50.1%), Florida (51.5%), New Jersey (51.9%), New York (52.5%), Arizona (53.4%), Mississippi (55.4%), Louisiana (55.8%), Alaska (57.5%), Illinois (58.3%), Delaware (58.6%), and Virginia (58.6%).[13] Per the 2022 American Community Survey, the non-Hispanic white population declined below 50% in Georgia (49.63%), however if combined with Hispanic Whites, it stays above 50%.[14]
- The whole United States of America is projected to become majority-minority by the middle of the 21st century if current trends continue. The U.S. will then become the first major post-industrial society in the world where the dominant group established in an earlier period transitioned from majority to minority under the influence of changing demographics.[15] With alternate immigration scenarios, the whole United States is projected to become majority-minority sometime between 2041 and 2046 (depending on the amount of net immigration into the U.S., birth/death rates, and intermarriage rates over the preceding years).[16][17][18]
- ^ United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 97 S.Ct. 996 (Supreme Court of the United States March 01, 1977).
- ^ United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 97 S.Ct. 996 (Supreme Court of the United States March 01, 1977)
- ^ Sledge (Harrison) v. J.P. Stevens & Co., Not Reported in F.Supp. 1975 WL 278 (United States District Court; E.D. North Carolina, Wilson Division. December 22, 1975); Winchester Spinning Corp. v. N. L. R. B., 402 F.2d 299 (United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit. October 08, 1968).
- ^ "U.S. whites will soon be the minority in number, but not power". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- ^ "Minority population surging in Texas". NBC News. Associated Press. August 18, 2005. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
- ^ "Explore Census Data".
- ^ "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Maryland - 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Georgia - 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ Sara Kehaulani Goo (2015-04-06). "After 200 years, Native Hawaiians make a comeback". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
- ^ "On the Records: Texas One of Five "Minority-Majority" States". 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Child population by race | KIDS COUNT Data Center".
- ^ "Child population by race | KIDS COUNT Data Center".
- ^ "Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". United States Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
- ^ "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Georgia - 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ "Whites to be minority in America in 2043: Census". GlobalPost. December 12, 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
- ^ Yen, Hope. "Longer US white majority if immigration slows". Bigstory.ap.org. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
- ^ "2012 National Population Projections: Summary Tables – People and Households – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. February 20, 2013. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
- ^ "Children of color projected to be majority of U.S. youth this year". PBS NewsHour.