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Lute
Renaissance lute in 2013
String instrument
Classification
String instrument (plucked)
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
321 (Composite chordophone)
Developed
Classical antiquity (early lutes)
Middle Ages (modern lutes)
Related instruments
List
Angélique
Archlute
Barbat (lute)
Chitarra Italiana
Guitar
Mandocello
Mandola
Mandolin
Mandolute
Oud
Pipa
Setar
Taar
Theorbo
Torban
Musicians
List
Barbad
Xavier Díaz-Latorre
Johann Georg Hamann
Lutz Kirchhof
Christopher Wilke
Hopkinson Smith
Jozef van Wissem
Eduardo Eguez
Builders
List
Andrew Rutherford
Cezar Mateus
A lute (/ljuːt/[1] or /luːt/) is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body. It may be either fretted or unfretted.
More specifically, the term "lute" commonly refers to an instrument from the family of European lutes. The term also refers generally to any necked string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel–Sachs system).
The strings are attached to pegs or posts at the end of the neck, which have some type of turning mechanism to enable the player to tighten the tension on the string or loosen the tension before playing (which respectively raise or lower the pitch of a string), so that each string is tuned to a specific pitch (or note). The lute is plucked or strummed with one hand while the other hand "frets" (presses down) the strings on the neck's fingerboard. By pressing the strings on different places of the fingerboard, the player can shorten or lengthen the part of the string that is vibrating, thus producing higher or lower pitches (notes).
The European lute and the modern Near-Eastern oud descend from a common ancestor via diverging evolutionary paths. The lute is used in a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance.[2] During the Baroque music era, the lute was used as one of the instruments that played the basso continuo accompaniment parts. It is also an accompanying instrument in vocal works. The lute player either improvises ("realizes") a chordal accompaniment based on the figured bass part, or plays a written-out accompaniment (both music notation and tablature ("tab") are used for lute). As a small instrument, the lute produces a relatively quiet sound. The player of a lute is called a lutenist, lutanist or lutist, and a maker of lutes (or any similar string instrument, or violin family instruments) is referred to as a luthier.
^Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. lute
^Grout, Donald Jay (1962). "Chapter 7: New Currents In The Sixteenth Century". A History Of Western Music. J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London. p. 202. ISBN 0393937119. By far the most popular household solo instrument of the Renaissance was the lute
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