Luolishania is an extinct genus of lobopodian panarthropod and known from the Lower Cambrian Chiungchussu Formation (Maotianshan Shales) of the Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. A monotypic genus, it contains one species Luolishania longicruris. It was discovered and described by Hou Xian-Guang and Chen Jun-Yuan in 1989.[1] It is one of the superarmoured Cambrian lobopodians suspected to be either an intermediate form in the origin of velvet worms (Onychophora)[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or basal to at least Tardigrada and Arthropoda.[10][11][12] It is the basis of the family name Luolishaniidae,[13] which also include other related lobopods such as Acinocricus, Collinsium, Facivermis, and Ovatiovermis.[8] Along with Microdictyon, it is the first lobopodian fossil discovered from China.[14]
'^Smith, Martin R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2014). "Hallucigenias onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda". Nature. 514 (7522): 363–366. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..363S. doi:10.1038/nature13576. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25132546. S2CID 205239797.
'^Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2015). "Hallucigenias head and the pharyngeal armature of early ecdysozoans". Nature. 523 (7558): 75–78. Bibcode:2015Natur.523...75S. doi:10.1038/nature14573. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26106857. S2CID 205244325.
^Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Gerber, Sylvain; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2015). "A superarmored lobopodian from the Cambrian of China and early disparity in the evolution of Onychophora". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (28): 8678–8683. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8678Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1505596112. PMC 4507230. PMID 26124122.
^Murdock, Duncan J. E.; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Purnell, Mark A. (2016-01-22). "The impact of taphonomic data on phylogenetic resolution: Helenodora inopinata (Carboniferous, Mazon Creek Lagerstätte) and the onychophoran stem lineage". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 16: 19. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0582-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4722706. PMID 26801389.
^Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Liu, Yu; Boyan, George S.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2016-03-15). "Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (11): 2988–2993. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.2988Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522434113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4801254. PMID 26933218.
^Zhang, Xi-Guang; Smith, Martin R.; Yang, Jie; Hou, Jin-Bo (2016). "Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian". Biology Letters. 12 (9): 20160492. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0492. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 5046927. PMID 27677816.
^ abHoward, Richard J.; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Salge, Tobias; Shi, Xiaomei; Ma, Xiaoya (2020). "A Tube-Dwelling Early Cambrian Lobopodian". Current Biology. 30 (8): 1529–1536. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.075. PMID 32109391. S2CID 211542458.
^Shi, Xiaomei; Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Hou, Xianguang; Ma, Xiaoya (2021-08-12). "Tabelliscolex (Cricocosmiidae: Palaeoscolecidomorpha) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota and the evolution of seriation in Ecdysozoa". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (2): jgs2021–060. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-060. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 237489461.
^Caron, Jean-Bernard; Aria, Cédric (2017-01-31). "Cambrian suspension-feeding lobopodians and the early radiation of panarthropods". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0858-y. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5282736. PMID 28137244.
^Siveter, Derek J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Legg, David (2018). "A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. PMC 6124121. PMID 30224988.
^Caron, Jean-Bernard; Aria, Cédric (2020). "The Collins' monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia". Palaeontology. 63 (6): 979–994. doi:10.1111/pala.12499. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 225593728.
^Hou, X.; Bergström, J. A. N. (1995). "Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 114: 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x.
^Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan (2009). "Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians". Arthropod Structure & Development. 38 (4): 271–291. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001. PMID 19293001.
Luolishania is an extinct genus of lobopodian panarthropod and known from the Lower Cambrian Chiungchussu Formation (Maotianshan Shales) of the Chengjiang...
the described lobopodians, which may trace back to Cambrian Stage 2. Luolishania is an iconic example of lobopodians with multiple pairs of specialized...
arranged as three or more per trunk segment. The type genus is based on Luolishania longicruris Hou and Chen, 1989, from the Chengjiang Lagerstatte, South...
worm with legs, such as Hallucigenia, Onychodictyon, Cardiodictyon, Luolishania, and Paucipodia. The isolated sclerites of Microdictyon are known from...
"Luolishania gen. nov. : Un animal marin intermédiaire entre arthropode et annélidé du Cambrien inférieur de Chengjiang dans le Yunnan" [Luolishania gen...
Class Nectonematoida Class Xenusia Order Archonychophora Luolishaniidae Luolishania Miraluolishania Paucipodiidae Paucipodia Order Protonychophora Aysheaiidae...
group including many early panarthropods, with six genera represented: Luolishania, Paucipodia, Cardiodictyon, Hallucigenia (also known from the Burgess...
the dorsal spines of other armoured lobopodians (e.g. Hallucigenia and Luolishania), the spines of Diania may had provided protection against predators...
conclusion that all the specimens were the same species (junior synonym) as Luolishania; another lobopod discovered from the Chengjian in 1989. Chengjian is...
"Luolishania gen. nov. : Un animal marin intermédiaire entre arthropode et annélidé du Cambrien inférieur de Chengjiang dans le Yunnan" [Luolishania gen...
(2008). "Comparative study of Cambrian lobopods Miraluolishania and Luolishania". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (1): 87–93. Bibcode:2008ChSBu..53...87L...