Lunar Landing Research Vehicle No. 2 in flight, January 1967
Role
Experimental VTOL aircraft
Type of aircraft
Manufacturer
Bell Aerosystems
First flight
30 October 1964
Primary user
NASA
Number built
2 LLRVs
3 LLTVs
The Bell Aerosystems Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV, nicknamed the Flying Bedstead)[1] was a Project Apollo era program to build a simulator for the Moon landings. The LLRVs were used by the FRC, now known as the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, at Edwards Air Force Base, California, to study and analyze piloting techniques needed to fly and land the Apollo Lunar Module in the Moon's low gravity environment.[2]
The research vehicles were vertical take-off vehicles that used a single jet engine mounted on a gimbal so that it always pointed vertically. It was adjusted to cancel 5/6 of the vehicle's weight, and the vehicle used hydrogen peroxide rockets which could fairly accurately simulate the behavior of a lunar lander.
Success of the two LLRVs led to the building of three Lunar Landing Training Vehicles (LLTVs), an improved version of the LLRV, for use by Apollo astronauts at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, predecessor of NASA's Johnson Space Center. One LLRV and two LLTVs were destroyed in crashes, but the rocket ejection seat system safely recovered the pilot in all cases.
The final phase of every Apollo landing was manually piloted by the mission commander. Because of landing site selection problems, Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, said his mission would not have been successful without extensive training on the LLTVs. Selection for LLTV training was preceded by helicopter training. In a 2009 interview, astronaut Curt Michel stated, "For airborne craft, the helicopter was the closest in terms of characteristics to the lunar lander. So if you didn't get helicopter training, you knew you weren't going. That sort of gave it away."[3] Even Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan did not get LLTV training for their Apollo 10 mission which was the first flight of the Lunar Module to the Moon, because NASA "didn't have plans to land on Apollo 10" so "there wasn't any point in ... training in the LLTV." Cernan only got this training after being assigned as backup commander for Apollo 14, and in 1972 was the last to fly the LLTV while training as commander for Apollo 17, the final landing mission.[4]
^"The 'Flying Bedstead'". NASA. July 31, 2013.
^Matranga, Ottinger & Jarvis 2005.
^"From astrophysicist to astronaut — and back". News.rice.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
^"Utility of the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle". Archived from the original on October 2, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
and 25 Related for: Lunar Landing Research Vehicle information
Aerosystems LunarLandingResearchVehicle (LLRV, nicknamed the Flying Bedstead) was a Project Apollo era program to build a simulator for the Moon landings. The...
interaction. The LunarLandingResearchVehicle or LLRV was an Apollo Project era program to build a simulator for the Moon landing. The LLRVs, humorously...
techniques, NASA contracted Bell Aerosystems in 1964 to build the LunarLandingResearchVehicle (LLRV), which used a gimbal-mounted vertical jet engine to counter...
A Moon landing or lunarlanding is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made...
The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15,...
he had to eject from the LunarLandingResearchVehicle moments before a crash. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM) pilot Buzz Aldrin...
race. In 1964, NASA began use of the LunarLandingResearchVehicle to train Apollo astronauts in piloting the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) using an attitude...
for continuous vertical operation on the LunarLandingResearchVehicle (LLRV) and LunarLanding Training Vehicle (LLTV) TF37-GE-1 Military version of the...
The International LunarResearch Station (ILRS) (Chinese: 国际月球科研站) is a planned lunar base currently being led by Roscosmos and the China National Space...
Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon remained in lunar orbit. Apollo 12 would have attempted the first lunarlanding had Apollo 11 failed, but after the success...
After the first successful landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical...
craft was launched from Kennedy Space Center on April 11, 1970, but the lunarlanding was aborted after an oxygen tank in the service module (SM) ruptured...
the Blue Moon lunar lander and fly it to the Lunar south pole to land near the Lunar Terrain Vehicle. This will be the first lunarlanding since Apollo...
lander to have ever been used in human spaceflight, completing six lunarlandings from 1969 to 1972 during the United States' Apollo Program. Several...
The LunarLandingResearch Facility was an area at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia that was used to simulate Apollo Moon landings with...
lunar highlands. It was the last of the "H missions", landings at specific sites of scientific interest on the Moon for two-day stays with two lunar extravehicular...
lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was...
commercial exploitation of the US government space program. Before his Apollo 15 lunar mission, astronaut David Scott met Belgian painter and printmaker Paul Van...
encompasses lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using the Long March series of rockets. A human lunarlanding component...
United States Apollo Lunar Modules flown on lunarlanding missions Apollo 11 through Apollo 17, to be left permanently on the lunar surface. The plaques...
Jackson 1976, p. 143. "NASA - NASA Dryden Technology Facts - LunarLandingResearchVehicle". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-29. Dow, Andrew (2009). Pegasus:...
ability of the spacecraft to carry out a lunarlanding mission. Apollo achieved the first crewed lunarlanding on the Apollo 11 mission, when Neil Armstrong...
Mission planners had two primary goals in deciding on the landing site: to sample lunar highland material older than that at Mare Imbrium and to investigate...
by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) of the Apollo landing sites have captured the Lunar Module descent stages and the tracks left by the astronauts...
the 1960s: crewed lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a crewed lunarlanding using Soyuz 7K-LOK...