Lullubi information

Lullubi Kingdom
𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠
Lullubi Kingdom; 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠
3100 BC–675 BC
	Territory of the Lullubi in the Mesopotamia area.
Common languages	Unclassified (Lullubian?); Akkadian (inscriptions)
Religion	Mesopotamian religions
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Antiquity
• Established	3100 BC
• Disestablished	675 BC
Today part of	Iraq; Iran

Lullubi, Lulubi (Akkadian: 𒇻𒇻𒉈: Lu-lu-bi, Akkadian: 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠: Lu-lu-bi^ki "Country of the Lullubi"), more commonly known as Lullu,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] were a group of Bronze Age tribes during the 3rd millennium BC, from a region known as Lulubum, now the Sharazor plain of the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. Lullubi was neighbour and sometimes ally with the Hurrian Simurrum kingdom.^[5] Frayne (1990) identified their city Lulubuna or Luluban with the region's modern town of Halabja.

The language of the Lullubi is regarded as an unclassified language^[6] because it is unattested. The term Lullubi though, appears to be of Hurrian origin rather than Semitic or the yet to arrive in the region Indo-European, and the names of its known rulers have Hurrian or more rarely Semitic influence.^[7]

^ Eidem, Jesper; Læssøe, Jørgen (1992). The Shemshāra Archives 2: The Administrative Texts. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 22, 51–54. ISBN 978-87-7304-227-4.
^ Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor (2017-01-30). Mesopotamian Origins: The Basic Population of the Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-5128-1881-9.
^ Campbell, Lyle (2017-10-03). Language Isolates. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-317-61091-5.
^ Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-933079-9.
^ Hamblin, William J. (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. Routledge. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781134520626.
^ "The Languages of the Ancient Near East (in A Companion to the Ancient Near East, 2nd ed., 2007)".
^ Tischler 1977–2001: vol. 5/6: 70–71. On the Lullubeans in general, see Klengel 1987–1990; Eidem 1992: 50–4.

[1] Eidem, Jesper; Læssøe, Jørgen (1992). The Shemshāra Archives 2: The Administrative Texts. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 22, 51–54. ISBN 978-87-7304-227-4.

[2] Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor (2017-01-30). Mesopotamian Origins: The Basic Population of the Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-5128-1881-9.

[3] Campbell, Lyle (2017-10-03). Language Isolates. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-317-61091-5.

[4] Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-933079-9.

[5] Hamblin, William J. (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. Routledge. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781134520626.

[6] "The Languages of the Ancient Near East (in A Companion to the Ancient Near East, 2nd ed., 2007)".

[7] Tischler 1977–2001: vol. 5/6: 70–71. On the Lullubeans in general, see Klengel 1987–1990; Eidem 1992: 50–4.

Lullubi information

and 26 Related for: Lullubi information

Lullubi

Iran

Anubanini rock relief

Turukkaeans

Persian art

Simurrum

Origin of the Kurds

Anubanini

List of archaeological sites in Iran

Parsua

Agglutinative language

Behistun Inscription

Achaemenid Empire

Erridupizir

Shulgi

Gutian people

Iranian Revolution

Tardunni

Early Assyrian period

Zamua

Qajar Iran

Seleucid Empire

Bavand dynasty

Pahlavi dynasty

Sasanian Empire

Median state