The lower flammability limit (LFL),[1] usually expressed in volume per cent, is the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gas or vapour in air can be ignited at a given temperature and pressure. The flammability range is delineated by the upper and lower flammability limits. Outside this range of air/vapor mixtures, the mixture cannot be ignited at that temperature and pressure. The LFL decreases with increasing temperature; thus, a mixture that is below its LFL at a given temperature may be ignitable if heated sufficiently.
For liquids, the LFL is typically close to the saturated vapor concentration at the flash point, however, due to differences in the liquid properties, the relationship of LFL to flash point (which is also dependent on the test apparatus) is not fixed and some spread in the data usually exists.
The of a mixture can be evaluated using the Le Chatelier mixing rule if the of the components are known:[2]
Where is the lower flammability of the mixture, is the lower flammability of the -th component of the mixture, and is the molar fraction of the -th component of the mixture.
lies within well-defined lower and upper bounds determined experimentally, referred to as flammabilitylimits or explosive limits. Combustion can range in...
The lowerflammabilitylimit (LFL), usually expressed in volume per cent, is the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of...
Regulations - Notice of Proposed New Flammability Standards for Upholstered Furniture/Articles Exempt from Flammability Standards". Department of Consumer...
Flammability diagrams show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically nitrogen. Mixtures of the three gasses are...
research included tests on the issue of flammability, and showed that the tested fluorocarbons were not flammable in air in any proportion, though most...
Group on Flash Point (JWG-FP), ASTM D02.8B Flammability Section and the Energy Institute's TMS SC-B-4 Flammability Panel. Autoignition temperature Fire point...
safety group in toxicity & flammability (in air @ 60 °C, 101.3 kPa) classing (see legends) Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to...
causes the ullage fuel-to-air ratio to increase and exceed the lowerflammabilitylimit. A small amount of fuel in the tank leaves pumps on the floor of...
within a certain range of concentration, known as the upper and lowerflammabilitylimits. For example, for methane and gasoline vapor, this range is 5-15%...
ceramic media bed. The gas mixture temperature is kept below the lowerflammabilitylimit based on the percentages of each organic species present. Flameless...
Category 1B gases meet the flammability criteria of 1A, but are not pyrophoric or chemically unstable and have a lowerflammabilitylimit in air. Category 2 includes...
a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lowerflammablelimit. Alternative sign Division 2.1 Non-flammable non-toxic...
liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash...
gas is diluted to a concentration below 25% of its lowerflammabilitylimit (or lower explosive limit (LEL)). Dust or other small particles suspended in...
electrical load versus time. LowerflammabilitylimitLowerflammabilitylimit (LFL), usually expressed in volume per cent, is the lower end of the concentration...
vapor's concentration is between the lower flammablelimit (LFL) and upper flammablelimit (UFL), of the flammable liquid. E-cigarettes produce aerosols,...
starting if a driver is over the legal alcohol limit Ignite (disambiguation) FlammabilitylimitLowerflammablelimit This disambiguation page lists articles...
part of it within flammabilitylimits. Visualisations of CFD modelling of the release showing the upper and lowerflammablelimit envelopes can be found...
itself. When the concentration of gas reaches a critical value, the lowerflammablelimit, the gas suddenly catches fire in the presence of a flame, resulting...
considered when dealing with flammable gasses are their flash point (FP), upper flammabilitylimit (UFL) and lowerflammabilitylimit (LFL), as they are set...
increases the lowerflammablelimit or lowest concentration at which the vapors can be ignited. At the same time it decreases the upper flammablelimit or highest...
Flammable gases are not generally explosive under all conditions,[citation needed] . Additionally, oxygen must be present. The flammabilitylimits of...
increases the lowerflammablelimit or lowest concentration at which the vapors can be ignited. At the same time it decreases the upper flammablelimit or highest...
severe deflagration, in relation to those near the upper and lowerlimits of flammability. Straight stream: Round, hollow stream formed as water passes...
concentrations are required to be readily detectable at one-fifth of the lowerflammablelimit of the gas by state and federal regulation. Many gas companies utilize...
concentration roughly in the middle between the lower explosive limit and the upper explosive limit, and rapidly increases as the concentration deviates...
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