Lodz Ghetto mark (German: Mark, Polish: Marka getta łódzkiego) was a surrogate currency that circulated in the Lodz Ghetto in 1940—1944 until the Ghetto was liquidated in August 1944. It was divided into 100 pfennig (German: pfennig). The notes had no value outside the Ghetto, and could not be exchanged into other currencies.
LodzGhettomark (German: Mark, Polish: Marka getta łódzkiego) was a surrogate currency that circulated in the LodzGhetto in 1940—1944 until the Ghetto...
Germany LodzGhettomark, a special currency for LodzGhetto. Reichsmark, the currency in Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 in West Germany John Mark (died...
manganese. Magnesium Magnesium-aluminum coins were issued in 1943 for the LodzGhettomark in Poland. Magnesium is a minor additive in many aluminum coins; this...
The Warsaw Ghetto (German: Warschauer Ghetto, officially Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau, "Jewish Residential District in Warsaw"; Polish: getto warszawskie)...
raised in Łódź, Poland, he and his family were persecuted by the Nazis and, like the other Jews in the city, were forced to live in the Łódźghetto. In 1944...
specializing in modern Polish and Polish-Jewish history. A survivor of the ŁódźGhetto and Nazi concentration camps including Auschwitz, Dobroszycki lived in...
The Warsaw Ghetto Museum is a historical museum in Warsaw currently under construction. The target seat of the museum is the historic complex of the former...
hospital upbringing had proven invaluable in the Warsaw Ghetto. After World War II, he studied at Łódź Medical School and became a noted cardiologist who invented...
The Warsaw Ghetto boundary markers are memorial plaques and boundary lines that mark the maximum perimeter of the former ghetto established by Nazi Germany...
largest ghettos, such as Warsaw and Łódź, were established in existing residential neighborhoods and closed by fences or walls. In many smaller ghettos, Jews...
encouragement of the heads of the ghetto, among them head of the ŁódźGhetto Judenrat Chaim Rumkowski. His two children died in the ghetto, while Kristal and his...
Umschlagplatz include the one at Radogoszcz station - adjacent to the ŁódźGhetto - where people were sent to Chełmno extermination camp and Auschwitz...
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Yiddish: אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ, romanized: Ufshtand in Varshever Geto; Polish: powstanie w getcie warszawskim; German:...
Henriette Gottlieb (Berlin, 1884 – ŁódźGhetto, 2 January 1942) was a German soprano. Gottlieb was born in Berlin. She performed the Wagnerian role of...
forced into the ŁódźGhetto. A few months later, with Mark's long-distance help, they escaped, only to land in the Warsaw Ghetto. By now Mark had reunited...
to make the ghettos useful to the occupiers as a labor reserve. The Warsaw ghetto contained more Jews than all of France; the Łódźghetto more Jews than...
offensives. Returned to the ghetto, Jakob shares his information with his friend Mischa. Radios are strictly prohibited in Jewish ghettos, punishable with death...
Rosenfarb began writing poetry at the age of eight. After surviving the ŁódźGhetto during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany, Rosenfarb was deported...
the Soviet Union since the 1939 invasion. The murders of Jews from the ŁódźGhetto in the Warthegau district began in early December 1941 with the use of...
Germany itself. From 1942 to 1943 tokens were struck for use within the ŁódźGhetto.[citation needed] Special issues of Reichsmark currency were issued for...
practical day for people to attend, while some mark the day on April 19, the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Jewish schools also hold Holocaust-related...
Jews would pass on their way to forced labor. Other Poles directed Jewish ghetto escapees to Poles who could help them. Some Poles sheltered Jews for only...
time. In October 1941, the Strauss family was to be deported to the Łódźghetto along with other Jewish families from Essen. However, when they arrived...
Brave and Desperate. Israel: Ghetto Fighters House. p. 70. Mark, Bernard (1947). Dos bukh fun gvure (in Yiddish). Lodz: Dos naye lebn. p. 131. Pinye...
Second Polish Republic (present-day Lithuania). Since 1942 he was in the ŁódźGhetto. His father and brother were murdered after selection. From there, in...
ŁódźGhetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 inmates. By the end of 1941, most of about 3.5 million Polish Jews were already ghettoized,...