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Lodz Ghetto mark information


Lodz Ghetto mark (German: Mark, Polish: Marka getta łódzkiego) was a surrogate currency that circulated in the Lodz Ghetto in 1940—1944 until the Ghetto was liquidated in August 1944. It was divided into 100 pfennig (German: pfennig). The notes had no value outside the Ghetto, and could not be exchanged into other currencies.

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Lodz Ghetto mark

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Lodz Ghetto mark (German: Mark, Polish: Marka getta łódzkiego) was a surrogate currency that circulated in the Lodz Ghetto in 1940—1944 until the Ghetto...

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Mark

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Germany Lodz Ghetto mark, a special currency for Lodz Ghetto. Reichsmark, the currency in Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 in West Germany John Mark (died...

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Coinage metals

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manganese. Magnesium Magnesium-aluminum coins were issued in 1943 for the Lodz Ghetto mark in Poland. Magnesium is a minor additive in many aluminum coins; this...

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Warsaw Ghetto

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The Warsaw Ghetto (German: Warschauer Ghetto, officially Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau, "Jewish Residential District in Warsaw"; Polish: getto warszawskie)...

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Zigi Shipper

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raised in Łódź, Poland, he and his family were persecuted by the Nazis and, like the other Jews in the city, were forced to live in the Łódź ghetto. In 1944...

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Lucjan Dobroszycki

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specializing in modern Polish and Polish-Jewish history. A survivor of the Łódź Ghetto and Nazi concentration camps including Auschwitz, Dobroszycki lived in...

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Warsaw Ghetto Museum

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The Warsaw Ghetto Museum is a historical museum in Warsaw currently under construction. The target seat of the museum is the historic complex of the former...

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Marek Edelman

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hospital upbringing had proven invaluable in the Warsaw Ghetto. After World War II, he studied at Łódź Medical School and became a noted cardiologist who invented...

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Warsaw Ghetto boundary markers

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The Warsaw Ghetto boundary markers are memorial plaques and boundary lines that mark the maximum perimeter of the former ghetto established by Nazi Germany...

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The Holocaust

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largest ghettos, such as Warsaw and Łódź, were established in existing residential neighborhoods and closed by fences or walls. In many smaller ghettos, Jews...

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Yisrael Kristal

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encouragement of the heads of the ghetto, among them head of the Łódź Ghetto Judenrat Chaim Rumkowski. His two children died in the ghetto, while Kristal and his...

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Umschlagplatz

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Umschlagplatz include the one at Radogoszcz station - adjacent to the Łódź Ghetto - where people were sent to Chełmno extermination camp and Auschwitz...

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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

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The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Yiddish: אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ, romanized: Ufshtand in Varshever Geto; Polish: powstanie w getcie warszawskim; German:...

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Henriette Gottlieb

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Henriette Gottlieb (Berlin, 1884 – Łódź Ghetto, 2 January 1942) was a German soprano. Gottlieb was born in Berlin. She performed the Wagnerian role of...

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Anne Skorecki Levy

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forced into the Łódź Ghetto. A few months later, with Mark's long-distance help, they escaped, only to land in the Warsaw Ghetto. By now Mark had reunited...

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The Holocaust in Poland

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to make the ghettos useful to the occupiers as a labor reserve. The Warsaw ghetto contained more Jews than all of France; the Łódź ghetto more Jews than...

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Jakob the Liar

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offensives. Returned to the ghetto, Jakob shares his information with his friend Mischa. Radios are strictly prohibited in Jewish ghettos, punishable with death...

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Chava Rosenfarb

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Rosenfarb began writing poetry at the age of eight. After surviving the Łódź Ghetto during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany, Rosenfarb was deported...

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Final Solution

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the Soviet Union since the 1939 invasion. The murders of Jews from the Łódź Ghetto in the Warthegau district began in early December 1941 with the use of...

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Reichsmark

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Germany itself. From 1942 to 1943 tokens were struck for use within the Łódź Ghetto.[citation needed] Special issues of Reichsmark currency were issued for...

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Yom HaShoah

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practical day for people to attend, while some mark the day on April 19, the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Jewish schools also hold Holocaust-related...

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Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust

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Jews would pass on their way to forced labor. Other Poles directed Jewish ghetto escapees to Poles who could help them. Some Poles sheltered Jews for only...

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Marianne Strauss

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time. In October 1941, the Strauss family was to be deported to the Łódź ghetto along with other Jewish families from Essen. However, when they arrived...

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Yitzhak Suknik

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Brave and Desperate. Israel: Ghetto Fighters House. p. 70. Mark, Bernard (1947). Dos bukh fun gvure (in Yiddish). Lodz: Dos naye lebn. p. 131. Pinye...

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Marian Turski

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Second Polish Republic (present-day Lithuania). Since 1942 he was in the Łódź Ghetto. His father and brother were murdered after selection. From there, in...

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Nazi crimes against the Polish nation

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Łódź Ghetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 inmates. By the end of 1941, most of about 3.5 million Polish Jews were already ghettoized,...

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