See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters
The Local Sheet in astronomy is a nearby extragalactic region of space where the Milky Way, the members of the Local Group and other galaxies share a similar peculiar velocity.[2] This region lies within a radius of about 7 Mpc (23 Mly),[3] 0.46 Mpc (1.5 Mly) thick,[1] and galaxies beyond that distance show markedly different velocities.[3] The Local Group has only a relatively small peculiar velocity of 66 km⋅s−1 with respect to the Local Sheet. Typical velocity dispersion of galaxies is only 40 km⋅s−1 in the radial direction.[2] Nearly all nearby bright galaxies belong to the Local Sheet.[1] The Local Sheet is part of the Local Volume and is in the Virgo Supercluster (Local Supercluster).[4] The Local Sheet forms a wall of galaxies delineating one boundary of the Local Void.[5]
A significant component of the mean velocity of the galaxies in the Local Sheet appears as the result of the gravitational attraction of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, resulting in a peculiar motion ~185 km⋅s−1 toward the cluster.[2] A second component is directed away from the center of the Local Void; an expanding region of space spanning an estimated 45 Mpc (150 Mly) that is only sparsely populated with galaxies.[3] This component has a velocity of 259 km⋅s−1.[2] The Local Sheet is inclined 8° from the Local Supercluster (Virgo Supercluster).[4]
The so-called Council of Giants is a ring of twelve large galaxies surrounding the Local Group in the Local Sheet, with a radius of 3.75 Mpc (12.2 Mly).[4] Ten of these are spirals, while the remaining two are ellipticals. The two ellipticals (Maffei 1 and Centaurus A) lie on opposite sides of the Local Group.
Local Sheet (top view)
Galaxies in the "Council of Giants"[4]
Catalog ID
Name
Constellation
Distance (Mly)
Stellar mass *
NGC 253
Sculptor Galaxy
Sculptor
11
10.805
PGC 9892
Maffei 1
Cassiopeia
11
10.928
PGC 10217
Maffei 2
Cassiopeia
11
10.493
IC 342
Camelopardalis
11
10.302
NGC 3031
M 81
Ursa Major
12
10.905
NGC 3034
M 82
Ursa Major
11
10.573
NGC 4736
M 94
Canes Venatici
15
10.458
NGC 4826
M 64
Coma Berenices
16
10.496
NGC 5236
M 83
Hydra
16
10.642
NGC 5128
Centaurus A
Centaurus
11
11.169
NGC 4945
Centaurus
12
10.528
ESO 97-G13
Circinus Galaxy
Circinus
14
10.559
* The mass is given as the logarithm (base unspecified) of the mass in solar masses.
^ abcdCite error: The named reference ScienceDaily-2014-03-11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdCite error: The named reference apj676_1_184 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcCite error: The named reference tully2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcd McCall, Marshall L. (29 April 2013). "A Council of Giants". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1) (published 10 March 2014): 405–426. arXiv:1403.3667. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..405M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu199.
^Cite error: The named reference 2013MNRAS.436.2096S was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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