This article is about the historical railway. For the current line from Liverpool to Manchester, see Liverpool–Manchester lines.
Liverpool and Manchester Railway
A lithograph of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway crossing the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft, by A. B. Clayton.
Overview
Headquarters
Liverpool
Locale
Lancashire
Dates of operation
1830–1845
Successor
Grand Junction Railway
Technical
Track gauge
4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Length
31 miles (50 km)
v
t
e
Liverpool and Manchester Railway
Legend
1830–1845
Liverpool
Crown Street
Crown Street Tunnel & incline
Wapping goods
later Park Lane goods
Wapping Tunnel & incline
Lime Street
Lime Street Tunnel & incline
Edge Hill
(original)
Edge Hill
(new)
Edge Hill railway works
Wavertree Lane
Olive Mount cutting
Broad Green
Roby
Huyton
Colliery line
Huyton Quarry
Rainhill Skew Bridge
Rainhill
Lea Green
St Helens & Runcorn Gap Rly
St Helens Junction
Collins Green
Sankey Viaduct over
Sankey Brook & Sankey Canal
Earlestown
Warrington & Newton Rly
Newton Bridge
Parkside
(original)
Wigan Branch Railway
Parkside
(new)
Kenyon cutting
Kenyon Junction
Kenyon & Leigh Junction Rly
Bury Lane
Flow Moss
Chat Moss embankment
Astley
Lamb's Cottage
Barton Moss
Bridgewater Canal
Patricroft
Eccles
Gortons Buildings
Cross Lane
Ordsall Lane
River Irwell
Liverpool Road
Victoria
Lancashire & Yorkshire Rly
Manchester
Line & stations shown as of 1845
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway[1][2][3] (L&MR) was the first inter-city railway in the world.[4][i] It opened on 15 September 1830 between the Lancashire towns of Liverpool and Manchester in England.[4] It was also the first railway to rely exclusively on locomotives driven by steam power, with no horse-drawn traffic permitted at any time; the first to be entirely double track throughout its length; the first to have a true signalling system; the first to be fully timetabled; and the first to carry mail.[5]
Trains were hauled by company steam locomotives between the two towns, though private wagons and carriages were allowed. Cable haulage of freight trains was down the steeply-graded 1.26-mile (2.03 km) Wapping Tunnel to Liverpool Docks from Edge Hill junction. The railway was primarily built to provide faster transport of raw materials, finished goods, and passengers between the Port of Liverpool and the cotton mills and factories of Manchester and surrounding towns.
Designed and built by George Stephenson, the line was financially successful, and influenced the development of railways across Britain in the 1830s. In 1845 the railway was absorbed by its principal business partner, the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), which in turn amalgamated the following year with the London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway to form the London and North Western Railway.[6]
^A History and Description of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. T. Taylor, 1832.
^Arthur Freeling. Freeling's Grand Junction Railway Companion. Whittaker, 1838
^James Cornish. The Grand Junction, and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Companion: Containing an Account of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester. 1837.
^ abBBC 2009.
^Jarvis 2007, p. 20.
^Thomas 1980, p. 107.
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