The shell of this Littoraria irrorata individual is covered in the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
Subclass:
Caenogastropoda
Order:
Littorinimorpha
Family:
Littorinidae
Genus:
Littoraria
Species:
L. irrorata
Binomial name
Littoraria irrorata
Say, 1822[1]
Synonyms[3]
Littorina irrorata (Say, 1822)
Turbo irroratus Say, 1822[2]
Littoraria irrorata, also known by the common name the marsh periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae.[3] The specific epithet irrorata means 'moistened' or 'dewy.'
This species occurs in salt marshes on the Atlantic coast and Gulf Coast of North America, from Massachusetts to Texas.
Some colonies of this species of snail are the only mollusks known to practice fungiculture.[4]
L. irrorata is an essential part of the salt marsh ecosystem. This is displayed in its strong relationship with Sporobolus alterniflorus, also known as Spartina alterniflora, a grass commonly found in abundance in salt marshes.[5]
^"Littoraria irrorata". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 29 September 2017. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Protostomia; Lophotrochozoa; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Caenogastropoda; Hypsogastropoda; Littorinimorpha; Littorinoidea; Littorinidae; Littoraria
^Say T (24 July 1821). "An Account of some of the Marine Shells of the United States" (pdf). Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. II (2): 239–240. ISSN 0885-3479. LCCN 12030018. OCLC 1460713. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
^ abReid DG (2011). "Littoraria irrorata (Say, 1822)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
^Silliman BR, Newell SY (December 2003). "Fungal farming in a snail". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (26): 15643–8. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10015643S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2535227100. PMC 307621. PMID 14657360.
^Rietl AJ, Sorrentino MG, Roberts BJ (June 2018). "Spatial distribution and morphological responses to predation in the salt marsh periwinkle". Ecosphere. 9 (6): e02316. Bibcode:2018Ecosp...9E2316R. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2316.
and 24 Related for: Littoraria irrorata information
Littorariairrorata, also known by the common name the marsh periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae...
animal waste. In salt marshes, C. sapidus will eat marsh periwinkles, Littorariairrorata during high tides. Although an aquatic predator, C. sapidus will...
of these were multicellular, higher marine fungi. The sea snail Littorariairrorata damages plants of Spartina in the coastal sea marshes where it lives...
raising the issue of whether it is the same lichen. The sea snail Littorariairrorata damages plants of Spartina in the sea marshes where it lives, which...
antibiotic-producing bacteria also inhabit the gardens. The marine snail Littorariairrorata, which lives in the salt marshes of the southeast of the United States...
raising the issue of whether it is the same lichen. The sea snail Littorariairrorata damages plants of Spartina in the sea marshes where it lives, which...
(2009-09-01). "Relationships between Spartina alterniflora and Littorariairrorata in a South Carolina salt marsh". Wetlands. 29 (3): 818–825. doi:10...
Chaetothyriomycetidae The lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes on the shell of Littorariairrorata Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Division:...
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