Literary Machines (short title) is a book first published in 1981 by Ted Nelson, and republished nine times by 1993. It offers an extensive overview of Nelson's term "hypertext" as well as Nelson's Project Xanadu. It also includes other theories by Nelson, including "tumblers" for addressing bits in files past and present, "transclusion" as a method for including original work in one's own work, and "micropayments" to pay for the use. The format of the book is nonlinear, as the chapters are arranged in such a way that the text can be read out of order.
The preface to the 1993 edition states "The first edition of Literary Machines, done on a typewriter, appeared in April of 1981. We printed it on a Saxon copier that filled the house with a vinegar smell. But it had a beautiful cover, its white title silk-screened on mirrored plastic. Since that time the book has gone through various editions with different-colored covers, printed by various people with various degrees of permission. The main revision took place in 1987, when I added most of the technical material..."
The preface to the second edition, also in 1981, states "This special edition of Literary Machines has been printed by XOC, Inc. under special arrangement with Ted Nelson. Certain changes have been made in the text by XOC, Inc. to reflect the current status of the Xanadu System. These changes are clearly indicated."
The first edition of the book, referred to by Nelson as "The Humanist Edition", featured a silver Mylar cover. Subsequent editions, referred to by Nelson as "The Technical Edition" featured a white soft cover.[1]
^"Xanadu Basics 1b - Indirect Document Delivery". Archived from the original on 2021-12-12.
LiteraryMachines (short title) is a book first published in 1981 by Ted Nelson, and republished nine times by 1993. It offers an extensive overview of...
and does not express the idea of extending hypertext. — Nelson, LiteraryMachines, 1992 Hypertext documents can either be static (prepared and stored...
necessary. Ted Nelson coined the term for his 1980 nonlinear book LiteraryMachines, but the idea of master copy and occurrences was applied 17 years...
documented in the books Computer Lib / Dream Machines (1974), The Home Computer Revolution (1977) and LiteraryMachines (1981). Much of his adult life has been...
literature articles List of literary movements List of narrative techniques List of poetry groups and movements Literary agent Literary magazine Reading Rhetorical...
because of the multiplication of signs, becomes a literarymachine, or rather three literarymachines: of partial objects or impulses, of resources, and...
ideas in his 1974 book Computer Lib/Dream Machines and the 1981 LiteraryMachines. Computer Lib/Dream Machines is written in a non-sequential fashion: it...
implement the Hypertext Editing System (HES). In his 1987 book entitled "LiteraryMachines", Nelson defined hypertext as "non-sequential writing with reader-controlled...
depicted in agricultural machines portrayed as immense and terrible, shredding "entangled" human bodies without compunction. The machines were used as a metaphor...
be transliterated. Machines often transliterate both because they treated them as one entity. Words like these are hard for machine translators, even those...
Modernism experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new." This literary movement was driven by a conscious...
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the advancement in paperless stenotype machines. When it is used, steno paper comes out of a stenotype machine at the rate of one row per chord, with...
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intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science...
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Literary forgery (also known as literary mystification, literary fraud or literary hoax) is writing, such as a manuscript or a literary work, which is...
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The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, was an international assembly held in 1886...
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held that machine translation, by Google Translate and the like, was unlikely to threaten human translators anytime soon, because machines would never...
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