List of wars involving Iran information

Scythians

Other Iranian peoples

• End of Assyrian rule in Media
• Formation of an independent Median kingdom
• Median invasion of Assyria repelled

Persians

• End of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
• Founding of Neo-Babylonian Empire

• Conquest of Media by Scythians
• End of Scythian rule in Media in 597 BC, during reign of Cyaxares

Egypt

• Siege of Sardis (547 BC)

Amyrgians

• Massagetae
• Derbices
• Dahae
• Saka
• Abiae
• Indian allies

(518 BC)

• Gandhara kingdom
• Sindhu Sauvira kingdom

(499 BC–493 BC)

(492–490 BC)

(480–479 BC)

(Peace of Antalcidas

dictated by Iran)

• Hellenic League
• Persian Satraps

• Pauravas
• Aśvaka
• Mallians
• Guraeans

Iranic confrontation with the Nanda Empire of Magadha.

(322–281 BC)

• Antipatrid dynasty
• Antigonid dynasty
• Ptolemaic dynasty

Second War:

• Antigonid dynasty
• Antipatrid dynasty
• Ptolemaic dynasty
• Thrace

Third War:

• Antigonid dynasty
• Polyperchon

• Perdiccas's faction

Second War:

• Polyperchon's faction
• Epirus

Third War:

• Ptolemaic Egypt
• Antipatrid Macedonia
• Thrace
• Caria

Seleucus established himself in Babylon in 312 BC, then conquest Persia.

• Seleucid Empire's eastern Persian satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire.
• Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance.

(274–168 BC)^[1]

• Seleucid annexation of Ptolemeic holdings in Asia Minor, Coele-Syria, Cyprus, and other Ptolemeic holdings outside of Egypt.
• Roman intervention against Seleucids and Macedonia during the Sixth Syrian War.

(209–206/5 BC)

• Battle of the Arius
• Siege of Bactra

(189–165 BCE)

Atropatene
Kingdom of Cataonia
Kingdom of Pontus

Lesser Armenia

Kingdom of Iberia

Kingdom of Sophene

(238 BC)

• The beginning of the Seleucid–Parthian Wars

(between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE)

(129 BC)

(128-115 BC)

• Saka

Yuezhi

(120–100 BCE?)

Atropatene

(53 BC)

• Crassus killed

• Roman desire to retaliate for Julius Caesar's planned invasion of the Parthian Empire

(43–42 BC)

• Battle of Philippi

Supported by:

Parthian Empire^[5]

Supported by:

Ptolemaic Egypt

(40–38 BC)

(36–20 BC)

Atropatene

Hasmonean Kingdom

Kingdom of Armenia

Galatia

Cappadocia

Pontus

Herodian Kingdom of Judea

• Ended by formal peace in 20 BC

(20–10 BC)

Indo-Greek Kingdom

(35 AD)

Kingdom of Armenia

(50s AD)

(50–51 AD/51–53 AD)

Roman Empire (until 51)

Parthian Empire

Roman Empire

(58–63 AD)

Kingdom of Armenia

Roman clients

• Sophene

• Lesser Armenia

• Iberia

• Commagene

• Pontus

• Minor territorial gains for Roman clients
• Parthians stablish the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia

(115–117)

co-belligerant Jewish/Judean zealots^{[citation needed]}

Babylonians rebels Armenian rebels

Client Parthian state

• Rome gains Parthian territories on the East, but evacuates the Mesopotamia province and Roman Armenia due to revolts.
• Osroes I defeat roman client Parthamaspates

(161–166)

Pro-Parthian Edessans

Pro-Roman Edessans

(216–217)

• Rome is forced to pay tribute to Parthia

(224)

• Rise of the Sasanian Empire

(225–226)^[6]

(226–238)

(229-241)

• Sassanid campaign of Severus Alexander
• Siege of Nisibis (235)
• Fall of Hatra

Kingdom of Hatra

(241–242)

• Indo-Sasanians

• Western Kushan Empire
• Saka
• Gilaks

Those includying Sogdiana, Bactria, and Gandhara. Kushans are deposed and replaced by the Kushanshah

(243)

(244)

Goths

Germans

• Perso-Roman wars of 337–361

(252)

(253)

(260)

(274-293)

• Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
• Sakastan
• Khuzistan

(325)

• Iyad
• Taghlib
• Banu Bakr
• Banu Abdul Qays
• Banu Tamim
• Banu Hanzalah

• The Sasanian Empire establishes suzerainty over all of the Persian Gulf and numerous factions in Arabia
• Wall of the Arabs was constructed to prevent raids by the Arabs

(337–361)

(350–358)

• Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom

Kushan Empire

Roman Empire

(360s)

• Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom

(363)

Arab allies

Kingdom of Armenia

• Battle of Bagavan

Caucasian Albania

Kingdom of Armenia

Armenia is under Roman suzerainty through Pap of Armenia entronization.

Eastern Roman Empire

• Roman and Persian partition of Armenia
• Eastern Persarmenia of Khosrov IV of Armenia is gived to Sassanids
• Western Armenia of Arshak III is gived to Romans.
• Both empires agreed to protect Caucasus from nomad invasions.

(395)

co-belligerant
Roman Empire

(421–422)

Lakhmid Arabs

• Zoroastrianism is tolerated by Romans and Christianism by Persians.
• Both empires agreed to fight against south nomads (Arabs).

(440)

• Both empires agreed to battle northern nomads (Scythians).

(451)

Alchon Huns

(484-565)

• Hephthalite–Sasanian War of 484
• Sukhra's Hephthalite campaign
• Battle of Gol-Zarriun

• Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom

First Turkic Khaganate

• The Hephthalite Empire breaks into minor kingdoms.
• Sasanians and Turks established a frontier for their zones of influence along the Oxus river

(502–506)

•Byzantium pays a small amount of money ^[11]: 77

(518–525)

• Jewish Himyarites

Supported by:
Sasanian Empire

• South Arabian Christians

Supported by:
• Byzantine Empire

• Aksumite victory and conquest of Yemen
• End of persecution of Christians by Jewish Himyarites
• Byzantines succes in establishing an anti-Sasanid bloc in Arabia Felix

(526–532)

Byzantines retained Lazica

• Treaty of Eternal Peace

Byzantines paid tribute of 11,000 lbs (5,000 kg) gold

(541–562)

• Sasanian reconquest of Yemen

• Himyarite Kingdom

Supported by:

Jewish Himyarites

• Aksum Yemen

Supported by:
Byzantine Empire

South Arabian Christians

(572–591)

• Khosrow II gives the Byzantine Empire most of Persian Armenia and western half of Iberia after the Sasanian civil war of 589–591

• Byzantium stops paying tribute to Sasanian empire^[12]

supported by:
Byzantine Empire

(590–596)

(602–628)

• Lakhmids
• Sasanian Iberia
• Sasanian Egypt

Avars (and Slavic allies)

• Ghassanids
• Roman Egypt

Western Turkic Khaganate

• The Sasanians agree to withdraw from all occupied territories and return the "True Cross".
• Iranian invasion of the Byzantine Empire repelled after initial successes in conquering the Levant, Egypt, and much of Anatolia.
• Beginning of the Sasanian civil war of 628–632
• Exhaustion of both empires, leaving them vulnerable to the early Muslim conquests of the Rashidun Caliphate.

• Principality of Iberia

Supported by:

Eastern Turkic Khaganate

• Byzantine Empire

• Tang China

The Nimruzi faction

• Yazdegerd III is recognized as king of Iran.
• Weakening of the Sasanian Empire
• The governors of the provinces of Mazun and Yemen gain independence (disintegration of Sasanian rule in the Arabian peninsula).

• Arab conquest of Mesopotamia
• Muslim conquest of Khuzestan
• Arab conquest of Fars
• Muslim conquest of Khorasan
• Muslim conquest of Sistan
• Muslim conquest of northern Persia
• Muslim conquest of Kerman
• Part of Early Muslim conquests

• Caucasian Albania
• Sasanian Armenia
• Arab Christians

Supported by:

• Byzantine Empire^{[citation needed]}
• Principality of Iberia
• Hephthalites

Kanarang

• Fall of the Sassanid Empire
• Iran is added to the Caliphate
• Then Muslim conquests of Afghanistan, Muslim conquest of Azerbaijan, Muslim conquest of Armenia and Arab–Khazar wars

• Protectorate General to Pacify the West

Sassanids in exile

Umayyad Caliphate (from 661)

• Western Turkic Khaganate

After that, Narsieh went west with his troops to liberate Iranshahr in 679 and fought against the Arabs in Takharistan for almost thirty years.

(673–751)

• Battle of Talas

Tibetan Empire Karluk mercenaries

Sogdian principalities

Khwarazm

Fergana

Türgesh Kaghanate

Second Turkic Khaganate
Tang China

• Islamization of Transoxiana
• End of Chinese dominance and influence in Transoxiana

(712–740)

• part of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

Guhila dynasty

Maitraka dynasty

Chalukya dynasty

Karkota Empire

• Arab, and later Turco-Persian Muslim invasions to India, stop for the next 250 years.
• Islamization of modern Pakistan.

(744–750)

• Abbasid Revolution

Supported by:

• Some Arabs
• Alids/Shia Muslims (mostly Persians)
• Mawali

Supported by:

• Qays

• Abbasid appropriation of most former Umayyad territory
• Eventual establishment of the Emirate of Córdoba
• End of privileged status for Arabs
• End of official discrimination against non-Arabs

(784–804)

Bavandids

Baduspanids

Zarmihrids

Supported:

Barmakids

(804, 827/837)

Abbasid Caliphate 2nd phase
Persians wālīs of Zanj

Africans from Zanj

• Mogadishu
• Kilwa

2nd phase
Abbasid Caliphate

Persian rebels against Mihna get a compromise.

• Tahir ibn Husayn

• Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan

(823–828)

• Abbasid Caliphate

(839)

• Abbasid Caliphate

Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin's forces

(864–1041)

• Alid dynasties of northern Iran
• Samanid Empire
• Shirvanshah
• Buyid dynasty
• Sallarid dynasty

• Khazars (from 965)

• Burtas

Alans

• Byzantine Empire (941)

Sarir

Volga Bulgaria

 

Oghuz Turks

• Pechenegs

• Khazars (until 943)

• Occupation of several areas on the outskirts of the Volga and the Dnieper by the Russians. Start of Russian expansionism on the Caucasus.
• The disintegration of the Khazar Empire
• Sack of different areas by the Russians in Iranian territories near Caspian Sea
• The local Muslims defeated the Russians in their attempts to conquest Persian territories.

(900–901)

• Battle of Gorgan (900)

• Abbasid Caliphate

(914)

Kingdom of Kakheti
Kingdom of Abkhazia

Sajid dynasty

Baqliyya rebels

Collapse of the Abbasid Empire

(940)

• Part of the Samanid–Ziyarid Wars

Firuzanids

• part of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

• Abbasid Caliphate

Kharijites

Medieval India

• Hindu Shahis
• Buddhist tribal chiefs

• Battle of Dayr al-Aqul
• Part of Abbasid decline (861–940)

Ayyars

• Tahirid dynasty
• Zaydid

• In 873, Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar ousted the Tahirids from their own capital of Nishapur, and captured its ruler Muhammad ibn Tahir, which led to conflicts with the Abbasid caliphate.
• Saffarid conquest of Khorasan to their own empire in eastern Persia.
• Saffarid invasion to Iraq, then withdrew of Bagdad in 876.

• Part of Abbasid decline (861–940)

Abbasid Caliphate

(900)

(900–904)

(907 or 908)

• Battle of Chach
• part of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

• Hindu Shahis

(10th and 11th centuries)

• March of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni to India
• Sack of Somnath
• Ghaznavid invasion of Kannauj
• part of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

• Hindu Shahis
• Rajput confederacy
• Jatts
• Chandelas
• Kachchhapaghata dynasty
• Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
• Lodi dynasty of Multan
• Tomara dynasty

• The northern parts of India were annexed by Iran.
• Somnath temple was destroyed and its treasures looted.
• Later Islamic empires would appear on the subcontinent.

• Battle of Nisa (1035)
• Battle of Nishapur (1038)
• Battle of Sarakhs (1038)
• Battle of Dandanqan (1040)
• Battle of Dandanaqan (1040)

• Rise of the Seljuk Empire

Annazids

Buyids

(1048–1213)

• Zakarid Armenia

Empire of Trebizond
Crusader states

(1058–1077)

Uyunid Emirate
Abbasid Caliphate

(1063)

• Battle of Damghan (1063)

• Battle of Kerj Abu Dulaf (1073)

• Malik-Shah I forces

• Qavurt and his son forces

(1086)

(1090–1194)

• Seljuk Empire
• Abbasid Caliphate
• Fatimid Caliphate (succeeded by the Ayyubid Sultanate)
• Crusader states

(1095–1099)

• Muslims :
  • Seljuk Empire
  • Abbasid Caliphate
  • Fatimid Caliphate

• The Crusade assists in capturing Nicaea, restoring much of western Anatolia to the Byzantine Empire
• The Crusaders successfully capture Jerusalem and establish the Crusader states

(1141)

Kara-Khanids

Kakuyids

Karluks

(1147–1150)

• Muslim :
  • Seljuk Empire
    • Sultanate of Rum
    • Emirate of Zengids
    • Emirate of Damascus
  • Abbasid Caliphate
  • Fatimid Caliphate
  • Nizari Ismaili state in Syria (the Assassins)

• Crusaders
  • Jerusalem
  • Tripoli
  • Antioch
  • Kingdom of France
  • Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
  • Byzantine Empire
  • Kingdom of England
  • Kingdom of Sicily
  • Papal States

• • Kingdom of Portugal
  • County of Barcelona
  • León-Castile
  • Kingdom of France
  • Republic of Genoa
  • Republic of Pisa

• • Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
  • Jutland-Kingdom of Denmark
  • Zealand/Scania-Kingdom of Denmark
  • Kingdom of Poland

• Lisbon captured by the Portuguese, Tarragona and Tortosa captured by the Catalans
• Wagria and Polabia captured by the Saxon Crusaders

(1175–1206)

• First Battle of Tarain
• Second Battle of Tarain
• Battle of Chandawar
• Siege of Bayana
• Siege of Gwalior (1196)
• Battle of Kasahrada (1197)
• Ghurid invasion of Bengal
• Battle of Jhelum (1206)
• Siege of Kalinjar

• Chahamanas of Shakambhari
• Gahadavala dynasty

Sena dynasty

Soomra dynasty

Ghaznavids

Qarmatians

Tibetan tribes

• Muhammad of Ghor seizes much of northern India.
• Fundation of Delhi Sultanate
• Islamization of Bangladesh

(1204)

Qara Khitai

Kara-Khanid Khanate

(1206)

• Tibetan indepencen seizured
• Death of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji

• Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia
• Mongol campaign against the Nizaris
• part of Mongol invasion of Central Asia and the Mongol invasions of India

Nizari Ismaili state
Abbasid Caliphate

• Khwarezmia domains added to the Mongol Empire
• Jalal al-Din Mangburni resists in exile until 1231 in India and the Caucasus.
• Mongol invasions of Georgia and Mongol invasions of Anatolia begin.

• Battle of Garni
• Siege of Tbilisi (1226)
• Battle of Bolnisi

• Principality of Maragheh

 

• Kipchaks
• Alans
• Vainakhs
• Leks

(1230)

• Battle of Yassıçemen

Seljuk rebels

Empire of Trebizond

Ayyubid Sultanate

Khwarazmians

• Part of Mongol invasion of West Asia

• Ilkhanate

Principality of Khachen

• Ilkhanate
  • Georgia^[13]
  • Armenian Cilicia^[13]

Principality of Antioch

• Abbasid territories added to Persian centered Ilkhanate and starts the Mongol invasions of the Levant
• End of the Islamic Golden Age

(1260–1264)

(1262)

Supported by:
 Byzantine Empire

Supported by:
Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate

(1268–1301)

Ilkhanate (ally of Kublai)

House of Ögedei

Golden Horde (ally of Kaidu until 1284)

• Mongol raids into Palestine
  • Part of the Crusades (Lord Edward's crusade and Crusade of the Infants of Aragon)

• Cilician Armenia
• Kingdom of Georgia
• Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
• Antioch-Tripoli

Ayyubid remnants

Nizari Ismailis of Syria

Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264)

Karamanid rebels

Abbasids

(1314–1318)

Ilkhanate

Golden Horde
 Kingdom of Georgia
Delhi Sultanate
Ottoman Empire
 Knights Hospitaller

• Rise of the Timurid Empire in Iran
• The Delhi Sultanate became a Timurid vassal.
• Outbreak of the Ottoman Civil War

(1402)

• Part of Timurid Invasion of Iraq

• Part of Timurid Invasion of Azerbaijan

• Safavid conquest of Shirvan
• Battle of Marv

Shirvanshah
Safavid Empire (1502)

Aq Qoyunlu (1468–1502)

Imamate of Oman
Supported by:

British East India Company

• Kingdom of Ormus

Supported by:

Spanish Empire (since 1580)

Britain recognized Iran's sovereignty over the entire Persian Gulf.

(1516–1522)

• Battle of Teleti

Samtskhe-Saatabago rebels

• Samtskhe-Saatabago

• Part of French–Habsburg rivalry

Supported by:

Habsburg monarchy

Supported by:

France

(1556–1659)

• Battle of Garisi
• Battle of Digomi
• Battle of Tsitsamuri
• Battle of Aghaiani
• Battle of Martqopi
• Battle of Marabda
• Bakhtrioni uprising

Kingdom of Kakheti

• Kingdom of Kartli

• Crimean Khanate

(1598)

(1612–1618)

(1622)

British East India Company

• Portuguese Empire
  • Kingdom of Hormuz

(1625)

• part of Dutch–Portuguese War

 Dutch East India Company

Supported by:

Safavid Persia

• Estado da Índia

(1633)

• part of the Omani–Portuguese conflicts

Portuguese Empire

• Khanate of Bukhara

Jaipur State

(1659)

Turcoman tribes

(1717)

• Al Bin Ali mercenaries

(1721)

Partition of Iran with the Ottomans in Treaty of Constantinople (1724).

(Regime change)

• Ottoman recognition of Ashraf Hotak as Shah of Persia
• Ottoman sovereignty over all the western and northwestern parts of Iran (including most of Tabriz, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Lorestan and most of the southern Caucasus)

• Khorasan campaign of Nader Shah
• Herat campaign of 1729
• Liberation of Isfahan

Sadozai Sultanate of Herat

Supported by:

Ottoman Empire

(Regime change)

(1731)

Afghan loyalists

Hotaki dynasty

• Western Persia campaign of 1730
• Tahmasp's campaign of 1731
• Nader Shah's Mesopotamian campaign
• Caucasus Campaign (1735)

• Erivan Khanate

• Crimean Khanate

Lezgins

•Treaty of Constantinople

• Sultanate of Muscat
• Imamate of Oman

Pirates

Khanate of Khiva

(1741–1745)

Qara Bayat Amirdom

Qajar dynasty

Khozeimeh Amirdom

Khanate of Kalat

• Dutch East India Company

(1782–1783)

• Bushehr

Zubarah

• Tactical Russian victory
• Strategic Persian victory
• Russian withdrawal after the death of Catherine II

• Part of Napoleonic Wars and Russian conquest of the Caucasus

Supported by:

• French Empire^{[citation needed]}
• Ottoman Empire

 

•  British Empire

(1818)

• Part of Herati-Qajar Wars

• Part of Great Game

Supported by:

 Russian Empire

Principality of Qandahar

East India Company

Supported by:

 British Empire

Aimaq tribesmen

Maimana Khanate

Andkhui Khanate

Sheberghan Khanate

Sar-i Pul Khanate

Bukhara Emirate

Khiva Khanate^[16]

(1848–1849)

(1856)

Supported by:

United Kingdom

Afghanistan

• East India Company

Afghanistan

(1879–1880)

 Ottoman Empire

Qajar Iran

Supported by:

 Austria-Hungary

• Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia

• Shahrbani
• Shahsevan

Supported by:

 Russian Empire

• Persian Cossack Brigade

Supported by:

 

• Constitutional monarchy and Parliament
• Persian Constitution of 1906
• Triumph of Tehran
• Russian occupation of northern Iran until 1917

(1911–1913)

(1911–1916)

• Shiraz expedition

Sweden^[17]

• Anti-Qajar rebellions are suppressed.
• The Swedish government quits on 1916 due to its neutrality on World War I. However, Swedes volunteers continued to serve in the Persian Gendarmerie until 1921.

• Part of World War I

• Qashqai tribesmen
• Tangistani tribesmen
• Laristani tribesmen

 

• Armenian volunteer units

 British Empire

•  British Raj

Assyrian volunteers

 

• Shekak tribesmen

 German Empire

• Occupation of Iran by Anglo-Russian and Ottoman troops
• Ottoman withdrawal after signing of Armistice of Mudros
• Persian famine of 1917–1919

• Part of the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War

• Persian Cossack Brigade

 

• White movement (since 1920)

 British Empire

• Persian Socialist Soviet Republic

Supported by:
Soviet Russia (since 1920)

• Soviet Caspian Flotilla

• Revolt suppressed
• Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement forces the retreat of Bolsheviks from northern Iran.

• Persian Cossack Brigade

Azerbaijan rebels

• Irregular Kurdish militias
• Persian Cossack Brigade

• Khans of Khorasan

United Kingdom

• Power takeover by Sayyed Ziaoddin Tabatabaee
• Suppression of Colonel Pessian's revolt and dissolution of the Autonomous Government of Khorasan
• Dissolution of the Republic of Gilan
• Continuing conflict with Simko Shikak until 1922
• Deterioration of Persian control over Sheikh Khazal's Emirate of Muhammara until 1925

Bakhtiari tribesmen

Arab separatists

Supported by:

United Kingdom

• Rebellious Arab forces disbanded
• Bakhtiaris defeated
• Khazal arrested
• Sheikhdom of Mohammerah abolished
• Reza Khan re-established full control over the Emirate of Muhammara.

Assyrian volunteers
Assyrian levies

• Part of World War II

 Soviet Union

•  India

(1961–1970)

Supported by:

Iran

 Israel^[18]

 United States (alleged)^[19]

Republic of Iraq

Syria (1963)^[20]

Ba'athist Iraq

• Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail.
• Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970
• Arabization program continued

• KDP-I

• 1970s operation in Balochistan
• Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency

 Pakistan

Taliban-aligned groups

Supported by:

•  India
•  Afghanistan

(1974–1975)

Iran

 Soviet Union^[22]

Supported by:

 Israel^[23]

 United States^[24]

• Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed
• Iran withdrew its support for KDP

• 1975 Algiers Agreement
• Iran consolidates control over the Shatt al-Arab/Arvand Rud waterway
• Tensions between Iran and Iraq over the disputed waterway and border escalate into a full-scale war in 1980

Tens of thousands of political executions in the aftermath (7,900 from 1981 to 1985, 3,800 to 33,000 in 1988, unknown in 1986–1987 or 1979–1980)

Komala

IPFG

• OIPFG (Minority)

Supported by:

Iraq

APCO

PFLA

AFLA
Supported by:
Iraq

• Uprising quelled
• Iranian Embassy siege in 1980

• part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

 

Shia militants

• Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula
• Hezbollah Al-Hejaz

Return to status quo, observed by UNIIMOG

• Part of Lebanese Civil War

 

 France
 United States
 Italy

• Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into Syrian- or Israeli- supported militias^[26]
• Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization
• Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization
• Humanitarian crisis in southern Lebanon
• Civil war continues until 1990
• President Hafez al-Assad continues his occupation of Lebanon until his son and later president Bashar al-Assad orders a withdrawal from the country

(1984−1988)

• Action of June 5, 1984
• Operation Earnest Will
• Operation Prime Chance
• Operation Praying Mantis
• part of Iran–Iraq War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

 

 Pakistan^[27][28]

Supported by:

 United States

 Saudi Arabia

 Kuwait

(1984−1991)

• Hezbollah–Israel conflict
• Karine A affair
• Francop Affair
• 2009 Sudan airstrikes
• Victoria Affair
• 2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
• Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war
• Operation Full Disclosure
• Operation Northern Shield
• 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq
• 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
• 2022 Erbil missile attacks
• 2023 Iran drone attacks

 

•  Hamas
• Hezbollah
•  Houthi movement
•  Lebanon
• Syria
•  Iraq (from 2006)
•  Sudan (until 2015)

 

•  United States
• Persian opposition

• Tactical victories from Israel
• Strategic stalemate

(1999−2020)

• Part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

• ASMLA^[29]
• NLMA
• Ansar Al-Furqan^[30]

Supported by:

•  Iraq (until 2003)
•  Saudi Arabia

(2000–2006)

• Part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Hezbollah–Israel conflict

Supported by:
 Iran
Syria

• United States invasion of Afghanistan
  • 2001 uprising in Herat
• part of War on terror

 

 United Kingdom

Northern Alliance
 Canada
 Italy
 Germany
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Iran (until 2002)

• Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan
• Then Iran quits the coallition and form the Axis of Resistance after Axis of evil speachment, ending his collaboration with the US coallition.

(2003–2011)

Supported by:

Iran^[31][32]

 NATO

• NATO Training Mission – Iraq

 Israel^[33][34]

 United Nations

• United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq

 United States

 United Kingdom

MNF–I (2003–09)

• Mahdi Army
• Special Groups
• Kata'ib Hezbollah
• Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
• Badr Brigades
• Others

• Fedayeen Saddam (2003 Only)
• SCJL
  • JRTN

• Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–06)
• Islamic State of Iraq^[35] (from 2006)
• Islamic Army of Iraq
• Ansar al-Sunnah (2003–07)
• Others
• Iraqi Islamic Resistance Army (not to be confused with Iraqi Hamas)

• End of American military presence in Iraq with 2007–2011 withdrawal
• Continued Iraqi conflict in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)
• Stronger Iranian influence in Iraq^{[36][dubious – discuss][37][38][39]}

Dissolution of Jundallah

• part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict

 

 Lebanon

• U.N brokered ceasefire through UNSCR 1701
• Israeli strategic and military failure^{[40][41][42][43]}

(2007-2023)

• 2009 Afghanistan–Iran clash
• 2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes
• 2023 Afghanistan–Iran clash
• part of Afghan conflict

• 2009 Sudan airstrikes
• part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Supported by:
 Iran

• Iranian intervention in Syria
• Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war
• Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war
• Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
• Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war
• part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Hezbollah–Israel conflict and War against the Islamic State

 United States

 Turkey

 Saudi Arabia

 Israel

 

• Rebel and Islamist uprisings quelled in much of Syria
• Most of Syria now controlled by Syrian Government, which is supported by Iran Islamic State in Syria defeated near the end of 2017

• part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

• Al-Ashtar Brigades
• Waad Allah Brigades
• al-Mukhtar Brigades
• God's Revenge Companies
• Popular Resistance Brigades
• February 14 Youth Coalition
• Saraya al Karar
• Asa’ib al-Muqawama al-Bahrainia
• Imam al-Mahdi Brigades
• al-Haydariyah Brigades

Supported by:

 Iran

• Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

• Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
• part of War against the Islamic State

 

 

Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam

 United States

US played a significant role in this victory. End of ISIL territorial control in Iraq; ongoing ISIL insurgency

(2014)

Supported by:
 Iran

• part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

•  Houthi movement
•  Iran
• 
•  Iraq
• North Korea
• Syrian mercenaries

•  Saudi Arabia
• United Arab Emirates
• Senegal
• Jordan
• Egypt
• Sudan (2015–19)
• Morocco (2015–19)
• Qatar (2015–17)

• Houthis seize Yemen's capital city, Sanaa
• Saudi-led coalition forces intervene in Yemen to restore the Hadi/Alimi-led government
• Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh is killed
• Continued clashes between Southern Transitional Council and Hadi/Alimi-led government

(2015–present)

• part of War against the Islamic State

 Afghanistan

• Taliban
• Haqqani network^[44]

Al-Qaeda^[45]

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (pro-Taliban & anti-IS factions)^[46]

 United States (limited)^{[47][48][49][50]}

 Iran (alleged)^[51][52]

 Russia (alleged)^[53]

 Pakistan (alleged)^{[citation needed]}

 Islamic State

• Khorasan Province
• IS central command^{[citation needed]}

Mullah Dadullah Front^{[citation needed]} (until 2016)

Fidai Mahaz^[54]

High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (HCIEA)^[55] (until 2021)^[56][57]

• part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

PJAK

Komala

PAK

Khebat

Supported by:

 Saudi Arabia^{[citation needed]}

(2017)

 

Supported by:

 Iran^[58]

(2017–present)

• part of Iraqi conflict

 

• Pro-Government Tribes (ar)^[62]

Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018)^[63]

Supported by:

CJTF-OIR (until 2021)

•  United States
•  United Kingdom
•  France

 

 Russia^{[citation needed]}

 

• Peshmerga

Supported by:

 Netherlands^[65]

White Flags

• Continue of the conflict against Islamic State
• 2019–2021 Iraqi protests against Iranian influence
• Clashes between US and Iran and allies due to

(2023)

 

Supported by:
Hezbollah
 Iran

(2023–present)

• 2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes
• 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
• part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict

 

•  Iran
• Syria
• Hezbollah
•  Houthi movement
• Islamic Resistance in Iraq

 

•  United States
•  Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
• Free Syrian Army