"Relinquished participation in the administration of the State"
1 April 1922
[2]
Bulgaria
Simeon II
Tsar of Bulgaria
16 June 1937
28 August 1943
15 September 1946
Republican constitution adopted
Living
[3]
Croatia
Tomislav II
King of Croatia
9 March 1900
18 May 1941
31 July 1943
Abdicated
29 January 1948
[4]
Cyprus
Catherine
Queen of Cyprus
25 November 1454
26 August 1474
26 February 1489
Abdicated
10 July 1510
[5]
France
Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808
2 December 1852
4 September 1870
Abdicated
9 January 1873
[6]
Germany
Wilhelm II
Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia
27 January 1859
15 June 1888
9 November 1918
Abdicated
9 June 1941
[7]
Greece
Constantine II
King of the Hellenes
2 June 1940
6 March 1964
1 June 1973
Deposed
10 January 2023
[8]
Iceland
Christian X
King of Iceland
26 September 1870
14 May 1912
17 June 1944
Republican constitution adopted
20 April 1947
[9]
Irish Free State
George VI
King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas
14 December 1895
11 December 1936
29 December 1937
Constitution of Ireland
6 February 1952
Italy
Umberto II
King of Italy
15 September 1904
9 May 1946
18 June 1946
Republican constitution adopted
18 March 1983
[10]
Kartli-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia)
George XII
King of all Georgia, King of all Kartli, Kakheti and all the other lands
10 November 1746
11 January 1798
28 December 1800
Death
28 December 1800
Malta
Elizabeth II
Queen of Malta
21 April 1926
21 September 1964
13 December 1974
Republican constitution adopted
8 September 2022
[11]
Montenegro
Nicholas I
King of Montenegro
7 October 1841
28 August 1910
26 November 1918
Monarchy abolished
1 March 1921
[12]
Portugal
Manuel II
King of Portugal and the Algarves
15 November 1889
1 February 1908
5 October 1910
Monarchy abolished
2 July 1932
[13]
Romania
Michael I
King of Romania
25 October 1921
6 September 1940
30 December 1947
Monarchy abolished
5 December 2017
[14]
Russia
Nicholas II
Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias
18 May 1868
1 November 1894
15 March 1917
Abdicated
17 July 1918
[15]
Yugoslavia
Peter II
King of Yugoslavia
6 September 1923
9 October 1934
29 November 1945
Deposed
3 November 1970
[16]
^Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 91. ISBN 9781851099696.
^Edward P. Keleher, "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916-1918." East European Quarterly 26.2 (1992): 163+.
^Gotev, Georgi (2017-11-20). "Bulgaria's Simeon: Time to leave a mark after so many years of isolation". euractiv.com. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Lemkin, Raphael (2005) [1944]. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 253. ISBN 9781584779018.
^Mellersh, H. E. L.; Williams, Neville (1999). Chronology of world history. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-155-7.
^Hansen, Valerie; Curtis, Kenneth R. (2016). Voyages in World History, Volume II, Brief. Vol. 2. Boston. MA: Cengage Learning. p. 524. ISBN 9781305537729.
^Cecil, Lamar (1996). Wilhelm II: Volume 2, Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780807860748.
^Gage, Nicholas; Gage, Joan Paulson (2015-08-21). "Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?". Town & Country. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Guðmundsson, Helgi Hrafn (29 May 2014). "The Nazi King Of Iceland". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Smith, Denis Mack (1992). Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780300051322.
^Zammit Marmarà, Desmond (12 December 2009). "The Republic of Malta". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^"Government Bill Aims To Rehabilitate Montenegro's Royal Family". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Starbuck, Lydia (2018-09-22). "What happened to Portugal's monarchy?". Royal Central. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Dunlop, Tessa (2017-12-05). "Michael I of Romania Obituary: Former monarch and last surviving head of state from the second world war". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^Ferro, Marc (1995). Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195093827.
^Langlois, Jill (26 May 2013). "Serbia holds state funeral for Yugoslavia's last king". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
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