List of the brightest Kuiper belt objects information
Since the year 2000, a number of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) with diameters of between 500 and 1500 km (more than half that of Pluto) have been discovered. 50000 Quaoar, a classical KBO discovered in 2002, is over 1000 km across. Makemake and Haumea, both announced on 29 July 2005, are larger still. Other objects, such as 28978 Ixion (discovered in 2001) and 20000 Varuna (discovered in 2000) measure roughly 500 km across.[1] This has led gradually to the acceptance of Pluto as the largest member of the Kuiper belt.[citation needed]
The brightest known dwarf planets and other KBOs (with absolute magnitudes < 4.0) are:
Number
Permanent Designation[2]
Provisional Designation[2]
Absolute magnitude[3]
Bond Albedo (%)[2]
Semimajor axis (AU)[3]
Equatorial diameter (km)[2]
Date found[2]
Discoverer[3]
Diameter method[4]
134340
Pluto
−0.8
72
39.4
2377
1930
C. Tombaugh
direct imaging
136472
Makemake
2005 FY9
−0.2
80
45.6
1430
2005
M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz
occultation
136108
Haumea
2003 EL61
0.2
51
43.3
1595
2003
Sierra Nevada Observatory (unofficial)
occultation
Charon
S/1978 P 1
1.0
20 to 50 (geometric)
39.4
1212
1978
J. Christy
direct imaging
90482
Orcus
2004 DW
2.2
23
39.3
910
2004
M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz
thermal
50000
Quaoar
2002 LM60
2.4
11
43.7
1070
2002
C. Trujillo, M. Brown
thermal
174567
Varda
2003 MW12
3.2
10
46.1
705
2003
J. A. Larsen
estimated
55565
2002 AW197
3.3
11
47.2
768
2002
NEAT
thermal
55636
2002 TX300
3.4
88
43.2
286
2002
NEAT
Haumea family, estimated
202421
2005 UQ513
3.5
20
43.2
498
2005
Palomar
estimated
307261
2002 MS4
3.6
5
42.0
934
2002
C. Trujillo, M. Brown
thermal
208996
2003 AZ84
3.6
10
39.4
772
2003
C. Trujillo, M. Brown
thermal
20000
Varuna
2000 WR106
3.6
11
42.3
678
2000
Spacewatch
thermal
55637
2002 UX25
3.6
11
42.5
665
2002
Spacewatch
thermal
28978
Ixion
2001 KX76
3.6
14
39.8
617
2001
DES
thermal
145452
2005 RN43
3.7
11
41.6
679
2005
A. C. Becker, A. W. Puckett, J. Kubica
thermal
120178
2003 OP32
3.9
70?[4]
43.4
218?[4]
2003
M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz
Haumea family, estimated
^Audrey Delsanti & David Jewitt. "The Solar System Beyond The Planets" (PDF). Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-29. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
^ abcdeJohnston, W. R. (7 October 2018). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Retrieved 6 February 2019.
^ abc"List of Transneptunian Objects". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
^ abcBrown, M. (12 November 2018). "How many dwarf planets are there?". Retrieved 6 February 2019.
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