Global InformationMakemake information
 Low-resolution image of Makemake and its unnamed moon S/2015 (136472) 1 by the Hubble Space Telescope, April 2015 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by |
|
| Discovery date | March 31, 2005 |
| Designations | |
MPC designation | (136472) Makemake |
| Pronunciation | UK: /ˌmækiˈmæki/, US: /ˌmɑːkiˈmɑːki/ or /ˌmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/ [a] |
Named after | Makemake |
Alternative designations | 2005 FY9 |
Minor planet category | Dwarf planet TNO cubewano[5] scattered-near[b] |
| Adjectives | Makemakean[6][7] |
| Symbol |  (mostly astrological) |
| Orbital characteristics[8] | |
| Epoch May 31, 2020 (JD 2458900.5) | |
| Earliest precovery date | January 29, 1955 |
| Aphelion | 52.756 AU (7.8922 Tm) |
| Perihelion | 38.104 AU (5.7003 Tm) |
Semi-major axis | 45.430 AU (6.7962 Tm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.16126 |
Orbital period (sidereal) | 306.21 yr (111,845 d) |
Average orbital speed | 4.419 km/s |
Mean anomaly | 165.514° |
| Inclination | 28.9835° |
Longitude of ascending node | 79.620° |
Time of perihelion | 17 November 2186[9] |
Argument of perihelion | 294.834° |
| Known satellites | 1 (S/2015 (136472) 1) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | (1434+48 −18) × projected (1420+18 −24 km)[10] |
Mean radius |
|
| Flattening | 0.0098[c] |
Surface area | 6.42×106 km2[d][11] |
| Volume | 1.53×109 km3[d][12] |
| Mass | ≈ 3.1×1021 kg[13] |
Mean density | ≈ 1.7 g/cm3 (using Ortiz et al. 2012 radius) ≈ 2.1 g/cm3 (using Brown 2013 radius[10])[13] |
Equatorial surface gravity | < 0.57 m/s2 |
Equatorial escape velocity | < 0.91 km/s |
Sidereal rotation period | 22.8266±0.0001 h[14] |
Geometric albedo | 0.82±0.02 geometric[14] 0.74±0.06 Bond[15] |
| Temperature | 32–36 K (single-terrain model) 40–44 K (two-terrain model)[16] |
Spectral type | B−V=0.83, V−R=0.5[17] |
Apparent magnitude | 17.0 (opposition)[18][19] |
Absolute magnitude (H) | −0.12[8] 0.049±0.020[14] |
Makemake[e] (minor-planet designation: 136472 Makemake) is a dwarf planet and the second-largest of what is known as the classical population of Kuiper belt objects,[b] with a diameter approximately that of Saturn's moon Iapetus, or 60% that of Pluto.[24][25] It has one known satellite.[26] Its extremely low average temperature, about 40 K (−230 °C), means its surface is covered with methane, ethane, and possibly nitrogen ices.[21] Makemake shows signs of geothermal activity and thus may be capable of supporting active geology and harboring an active subsurface ocean.[27]
Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005 by a team led by Michael E. Brown, and announced on July 29, 2005. It was initially known as 2005 FY9 and later given the minor-planet number 136472. In July 2008, it was named after Makemake, a creator god in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island, under the expectation by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) that it would prove to be a dwarf planet.[25][28][29][30]
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- ^ "volume ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- ^ a b Parker et al. (2018) The Mass, Density, and Figure of the Kuiper Belt Dwarf Planet Makemake
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