For the final siege of Constantinople, see Fall of Constantinople.
Topographical map of Constantinople during the Byzantine period, corresponding to the modern-day Fatih district of Istanbul. The city was known as Byzantium under Roman Empire.
The following is a list of sieges of Constantinople, a historic city located in an area which is today part of Istanbul, Turkey. Constantinople was built on the land that links Europe to Asia through Bosporus and connects the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. As a transcontinental city within the Silk Road, Constantinople had a strategic value for many empires and kingdoms who tried to conquer it throughout history.
Originally known as Byzantium in classical antiquity, the first recorded siege of the city occurred in 510 BC by the Achaemenid Empire under the command of Otanes. Following this successful siege, the city fell under the rule of Persians until it won its independence again, and around 70 BC it became part of the Roman Republic, which was succeeded by the Roman Empire. Despite being part of Rome, it was a free city until it became under siege by Septimius Severus between 193–196 and was partially sacked during the civil war. After it was captured by Constantine the Great in 324, it became the capital of the Roman Empire, under the name of New Rome. It later became known as Constantinople, and in the years that followed it came under attack by both Byzantine pretenders fighting for the throne and also by foreign powers for a total of 22 times. The city remained under Byzantine rule until the Ottoman Empire took over as a result of the siege in 1453, known as the Fall of Constantinople, after which no other sieges took place.
Constantinople was besieged 36 times throughout its history. Out of the ten sieges that occurred during its time as a city-state and while it was under Roman rule, six were successful, three were repelled and one was lifted as a result of the agreement between the parties. Three of these sieges were carried out by the Romans who claimed the throne during civil war. Of all the sieges that took place from its founding by Constantine the Great till 1453, only three were successful, 21 were unsuccessful, and three were lifted by reaching mutual agreements. Four of these sieges took place during civil wars. The Sack of Constantinople that took place in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade caused the city to fall and to be established as the capital of the Latin Empire. It also sent the Byzantine imperial dynasty to exile, who founded the Empire of Nicaea. Constantinople came under Byzantine rule again in 1261 who ruled for nearly two centuries. The city was taken by the Ottomans with the siege in 1453, and as a result the Byzantine Empire came to an end. The city has been under the rule of Turks since the last siege, except for the period of Allied occupation from 1920 to 1923.
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The fall ofConstantinople, also known as the conquest ofConstantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire...
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loss of the islands. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas the Slav. Listof Byzantine revolts and civil wars ListofsiegesofConstantinople Hollingsworth...
(Turco-Italian War, Balkan Wars, and World War I ) as well as the sieges (like the siegesofConstantinople, Cairo, Belgrade, Bagdad, etc.) which most lists include...
calendar Byzantine silk Eparch ofConstantinople (Listof eparchs) SiegesofConstantinople Third Rome Thracia Timeline of Istanbul history /ˌkɒnstæntɪˈnoʊpəl/...
The Walls ofConstantinople (Turkish: Konstantinopolis Surları; Greek: Τείχη της Κωνσταντινουπόλης) are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded...
1453) was a Genoese nobleman, mercenary captain, and defender ofConstantinople during its siege in 1453. He was instrumental in its defense and commanded...
from Constantinople to Alexandria. They landed at Candia with the loot, which included the former Chief Black Eunuch of the Harem, the kadi of Cairo...
The Third Council ofConstantinople, counted as the Sixth Ecumenical Council by the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches, as well as by certain other...
the former siegesofConstantinople by the Avar Khaganate and the Umayyad Caliphate. According to Nestor Iskander's Tale on the Taking of Tsargrad, the...
Constantinople functioned as the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which effectively ended with the fall ofConstantinople in 1453. Constantinople then...
also referred to as the Latin Empire ofConstantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from...
893), also spelled Photius (/ˈfoʊʃəs/), was the ecumenical patriarch ofConstantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. He is recognized in the Eastern...
The foundation ofConstantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only...
bearer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, had died during the first SiegeofConstantinople (674–678). As Mehmed II's army approached Constantinople, Mehmed's...
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