List of rulers of Bengal information

This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history, Bengal was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In ancient times, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of Pundra, Suhma, Vanga, Samatata and Harikela.

In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the Nanda Empire, the powerful rulers of Gangaridai sent their forces with the war elephants which led the withdrawal of Alexander the Great from the Indian subcontinent.^[1]

With the rise of Gopala in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the Buddhist and Shaivite Pala Empire. The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of Bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of Civil War, created outstanding works of art and architecture, proto-Bengali language develop under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on. Until the 12th century than being succeeded by the Buddhist and Hindu Chandra dynasty, Sena dynasty and Deva dynasty. The rule of deva dynasty was a period of peace, prosperity and creative excellence and may be designed as "golden age" After them, Bengal was ruled by the Hindu Maharajas of kingdoms such as Chandradwip and Cooch Behar.^{[citation needed]}

In the early 13th century, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered Western and part of Northern Bengal,^[2] and established the first Muslim kingdom in Bengal.^[3] The Islamic Mamluk Sultanate, the Khalji dynasty, the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodi dynasty ruled Bengal for over 320 years.^[4] Notable was Malik Altunia's reign with his wife Razia Sultana, the only female sovereign ruler.^{[citation needed]}

Following Delhi Sultanate's reign, the Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world,^[5] was founded by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, and ruled by the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, succeeded by the Hussain Shahi dynasty founded by Alauddin Husain Shah, which saw the extension of the sultanate to the port of Chittagong, witnessing the arrival of the earliest Portuguese merchants.^{[citation needed]}

^ "Gangaridai". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 1–2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.
^ Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nd ed.). London: Constable & Company. p. 227.
^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
^ Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN 978-81-8069-149-2. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.

[1] "Gangaridai". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[2] Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 1–2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.

[3] Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nd ed.). London: Constable & Company. p. 227.

[sen2-4] Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[5] Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN 978-81-8069-149-2. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.

List of rulers of Bengal information

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History of Bengal

Ancient Kingdoms Pundravardhana Vanga Gangaridai Samatata Anga Suhma Harikela
Classical Dynasties Bhulua Nandas Mayuras Shungas Guptas Varmanas Gaudiyas Kamarupa Jaintia Gour Laur Mallabhum Bhadras Khadgas Palas Chandras Devas Pratapgarh Taraf
Islamic Bengal Khalji dynasty Delhi Sultanate House of Balban City states: Sonargaon Lakhnauti Satgaon Bengal Sultanate: Ilyas Shahi dynasty House of Ganesha Hussain Shahi dynasty Karrani dynasty Sur Empire Twelve Bhuyan Confederacy Kingdom of Mrauk U Jaintia Kingdom Pratapgarh Kingdom Koch dynasty Kingdom of Tripura Kingdom of Bhurshut Mughal Empire: Bengal Subah Burdwan Raj Rajshahi Raj Nadia Raj Bettiah Raj Nawabs of Bengal Zamindars Maratha expeditions in Bengal
Colonial Bengal Portuguese Chittagong Dutch Bengal French Bengal Danish Bengal Austrian Bengal British Bengal Battle of Plassey Bengal famine of 1770 Santal Revolt Chuar rebellion Indian Mutiny of 1857 Bihar famine of 1873–74 Partition of Bengal (1905) Eastern Bengal and Assam Bengali Renaissance Bengal famine of 1943 Direct Action Day Radcliffe Line Partition of Bengal (1947)
Post-partition era East Bengal/East Pakistan(1947–1971) East Bengali refugees History of East Pakistan 1964 East Pakistan riots Bengali Language Movement Bangladesh Liberation War West Bengal (1947–present) History of West Bengal Left Front Naxalism Marichjhapi massacre Nandigram violence Bangladesh (1971–present) History of Bangladesh History of Bangladesh after independence Military coups 1990 Mass Uprising Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord 2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis Vision 2021 and Digital Bangladesh Smart Bangladesh
Related Architecture of Bengal Bangamata Bangladesh–India border History of the taka Muslin trade in Bengal Timeline of Bangladeshi history
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Bengalis
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Bengali history Vanga Kingdom Gangaridai Gauda Kingdom Pala Empire Bengal Sultanate Bengal Subah Bengal Presidency Partition of Bengal (1905) Eastern Bengal and Assam Partition of Bengal (1947) East Bengal East Pakistan Names of Bengal
Bengali homeland Bengal Bangladesh West Bengal Tripura Barak Valley Assam
Bengali people Social group: Bangal Ghotis Diaspora Religious community: Muslims Hindus Buddhists Christians Bengali name Subgroups: Dhakaiyas Sylhetis
Bengali culture Bangaliana Language Dialects Alphabet Romanisation Literature Poetry Science fiction Novels Folklore Art Music Cinema Bangladesh West Bengal Theatre Weddings Bengali Muslim wedding Bengali Hindu wedding Cuisine Architecture Bengal Temple Calendar Festivals New Year Spring Monsoon Harvest
Bengali symbols Bangamata Joy Bangla Bengal tiger Bengal cat Bungalow Bengal fire Bengal Renaissance Amar Sonar Bangla National symbols of Bangladesh Fish and rice Ilish Chingri malai curry Rasgulla Chomchom Jamdani Ganges Suvarnabhumi Bay of Bengal
Bengali nationalism List of rulers of Bengal United Bengal Bangabhumi Greater Bangladesh
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