Global InformationList of largest bank failures in the United States information
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Since the 1970s, over 90 banks in the United States with US$1 billion or more in assets have failed. The list below is based on assets at the time of failure of banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.[1][2]
| Bank | City | State | Year | Assets at time of failure | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal | Inflation-adjusted (2023) | |||||
| Washington Mutual | Seattle | Washington | 2008 | $307 billion | $434 billion | [3] |
| First Republic Bank | San Francisco | California | 2023 | $229 billion | $229 billion | [4][5] |
| Silicon Valley Bank | Santa Clara | California | 2023 | $209 billion | $209 billion | [6] |
| Signature Bank | New York | New York | 2023 | $118 billion | $118 billion | [7] |
| Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust | Chicago | Illinois | 1984 | $40.0 billion | $117 billion | [3][8] |
| First Republic Bank Corporation | Dallas | Texas | 1988 | $32.5 billion | $84 billion | [9] |
| American Savings and Loan | Stockton | California | 1988 | $30.2 billion | $78 billion | |
| Bank of New England | Boston | Massachusetts | 1991 | $21.7 billion | $49 billion | [9] |
| IndyMac | Pasadena | California | 2008 | $32.0 billion | $45 billion | [10] |
| MCorp | Dallas | Texas | 1989 | $18.5 billion | $45 billion | |
| Gibraltar Savings and Loan | Simi Valley | California | 1989 | $15.1 billion | $37 billion | |
| Colonial Bank | Montgomery | Alabama | 2009 | $25.0 billion | $36 billion | [11] |
| First City National Bank | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $13.0 billion | $33 billion | |
| HomeFed Bank | San Diego | California | 1992 | $12.2 billion | $26 billion | |
| FBOP Corp banking subsidiaries | Oak Park | Illinois | 2009 | $18.4 billion | $26 billion | |
| Southeast Bank | Miami | Florida | 1991 | $10.5 billion | $23 billion | |
| City Federal Savings and Loan | Elizabeth | New Jersey | 1989 | $9.8 billion | $24 billion | |
| Goldome | Buffalo | New York | 1991 | $9.9 billion | $22 billion | |
| Imperial Federal Savings Assoc. | San Diego | California | 1990 | $9.6 billion | $22 billion | |
| Franklin National Bank | New York | New York | 1974 | $3.7 billion | $23 billion | |
| Great American Bank | San Diego | California | 1991 | $9.5 billion | $21 billion | |
| CenTrust Bank | Miami | Florida | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $19 billion | |
| Empire of America Savings | Buffalo | New York | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $19 billion | |
| Guaranty Bank | Austin | Texas | 2009 | $13.0 billion | $18 billion | [12] |
| Downey Savings and Loan | Newport Beach | California | 2008 | $12.8 billion | $18 billion | [5] |
| BankUnited FSB | Coral Gables | Florida | 2009 | $12.8 billion | $18 billion | [12] |
| AmTrust Bank | Cleveland | Ohio | 2009 | $12.0 billion | $17 billion | [5] |
| WesternBank | Mayagüez | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $11.9 billion | $17 billion | |
| Gibraltar Savings Association | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $6.5 billion | $17 billion | |
| United Commercial Bank | San Francisco | California | 2009 | $11.2 billion | $16 billion | |
| Crossland Savings Bank | Brooklyn | New York | 1992 | $7.4 billion | $16 billion | |
| The Connecticut Bank & Trust Co. | Hartford | Connecticut | 1991 | $7.2 billion | $16 billion | |
| MeraBank | Phoenix | Arizona | 1990 | $6.3 billion | $15 billion | |
| Sunbelt Savings | Irving | Texas | 1991 | $6.0 billion | $13 billion | |
| Western Savings and Loan | Phoenix | Arizona | 1989 | $5.7 billion | $14 billion | |
| Columbia Savings & Loan Assn. | Beverly Hills | California | 1991 | $5.4 billion | $12 billion | |
| Lincoln Savings and Loan Association | Irvine | California | 1989 | $4.9 billion | $12 billion | |
| California National Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2009 | $7.8 billion | $11.1 billion | |
| Corus Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2009 | $7.0 billion | $9.9 billion | [12] |
| United States National Bank | San Diego | California | 1973 | $1.3 billion | $8.9 billion | [13] |
| First Federal Bank of California | Santa Monica | California | 2009 | $6.1 billion | $8.7 billion | |
| R-G Premier Bank of Puerto Rico | Hato Rey | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $5.9 billion | $8.2 billion | |
| Doral Bank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2015 | $5.9 billion | $7.6 billion | [14] |
| Franklin Bank | Houston | Texas | 2008 | $5.1 billion | $7.2 billion | |
| Silverton Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $4.1 billion | $5.8 billion | |
| Imperial Capital Bank | La Jolla | California | 2009 | $4.0 billion | $5.7 billion | |
| PFF Bank & Trust | Pomona | California | 2008 | $3.7 billion | $5.2 billion | |
| La Jolla Bank | La Jolla | California | 2010 | $3.6 billion | $5 billion | |
| Frontier Bank | Everett | Washington | 2010 | $3.5 billion | $4.9 billion | |
| First National Bank of Nevada | Reno | Nevada | 2008 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
| Amcore Bank | Rockford | Illinois | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
| Riverside National Bank of Florida | Fort Pierce | Florida | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
| Midwest Bank and Trust Company | Elmwood Park | Illinois | 2010 | $3.2 billion | $4.5 billion | |
| First National Bank, also operating as The National Bank of El Paso | Edinburg | Texas | 2013 | $3.1 billion | $4.1 billion | [15] |
| Superior Bank | Birmingham | Alabama | 2011 | $3.0 billion | $4.1 billion | [16] |
| TierOne Bank | Lincoln | Nebraska | 2010 | $2.8 billion | $3.9 billion | |
| Irwin Union Bank and Trust Company | Columbus | Indiana | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $3.8 billion | |
| Orion Bank | Naples | Florida | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $3.8 billion | |
| EuroBank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $2.6 billion | $3.6 billion | |
| First Community Bank | Taos | New Mexico | 2011 | $2.3 billion | $3.1 billion | |
| Integra Bank, N.A. | Evansville | Indiana | 2011 | $2.2 billion | $3 billion | |
| ANB Financial | Bentonville | Arkansas | 2008 | $2.1 billion | $3 billion | |
| First Regional Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $2.9 billion | |
| ShoreBank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $2.9 billion | |
| Silver State Bank | Henderson | Nevada | 2008 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
| New Frontier Bank | Greeley | Colorado | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
| Georgian Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
| Vineyard Bank | Rancho Cucamonga | California | 2009 | $1.9 billion | $2.7 billion | |
| Peoples First Community Bank | Panama City | Florida | 2009 | $1.8 billion | $2.6 billion | |
| County Bank | Merced | California | 2009 | $1.7 billion | $2.4 billion | |
| Hillcrest Bank | Overland Park | Kansas | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
| Advanta Bank Corp. | Draper | Utah | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
| CF Bancorp | Port Huron | Michigan | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
| Mutual Bank | Harvey | Illinois | 2009 | $1.6 billion | $2.3 billion | |
| Hamilton Bank | Miami | Florida | 2002 | $1.3 billion | $2.2 billion | |
| Community Bank of Nevada | Las Vegas | Nevada | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
| First Bank of Beverly Hills | Calabasas | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
| Temecula Valley Bank | Temecula | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
| New South Federal Savings Bank | Irondale | Alabama | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
| Community Banks of Colorado | Greenwood Village | Colorado | 2011 | $1.4 billion | $1.9 billion | |
| Horizon Bank | Bellingham | Washington | 2010 | $1.3 billion | $1.8 billion | |
| Premier Bank | Jefferson City | Missouri | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
| Broadway Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
| Security Bank of Bibb County | Macon | Georgia | 2009 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
| Charter Bank | Santa Fe | New Mexico | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
| Alliance Bank | Culver City | California | 2009 | $1.1 billion | $1.6 billion | |
| City Bank | Lynnwood | Washington | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
| Columbia River Bank | The Dalles | Oregon | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
| Community Bank and Trust | Cornelia | Georgia | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
| Integrity Bank | Alpharetta | Georgia | 2008 | $1.1 billion | $1.6 billion | |
| Affinity Bank | Ventura | California | 2009 | $1.0 billion | $1.4 billion | |
| Appalachian Community Bank | Ellijay | Georgia | 2010 | $1.0 billion | $1.4 billion | |
- ^ Palumbo, Angela; Vanjani, Karishma; English, Carleton (March 9, 2023). "Silicon Valley Bank Shut Down, Biggest Bank to Fail Since Financial Crisis". Barron's. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ "Status of Washington Mutual Bank Receivership". FDIC. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Comlay, Elinor; Stempel, Jonathan (September 25, 2009). "WaMu is largest U.S. bank failure". Reuters.
- ^ "JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Columbus, Ohio Assumes All the Deposits of First Republic Bank, San Francisco, California". FDIC. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ a b c Brooks, Khristopher J.; Dakss, Brian (May 1, 2023). "Troubled First Republic Bank seized and sold to JPMorgan Chase". CBS MoneyWatch.
- ^ Flitter, Emily; Copeland, Rob (March 10, 2023). "Silicon Valley Bank Fails After Run on Deposits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
- ^ "Joint Statement by Treasury, Federal Reserve, and FDIC". The Federal Reserve Board. March 2023.
- ^ Haltom, Renee (May 1984). "Failure of Continental Illinois". Federal Reserve History.
- ^ a b "Ending "Too Big to Fail"". Federal Reserve. March 4, 2013.
- ^ Russell, Karl; Zhang, Christine (March 11, 2023). "The Second-Biggest Bank Failure". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
- ^ "Colonial Bank dissolved, marking 2009's biggest bank failure". France 24. August 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c Sherter, Alain (September 12, 2009). "Corus Seized in Fourth-Largest Bank Failure This Year". CBS MoneyWatch.
- ^ Wright, Robert (October 22, 1973). "Dubious Loans Led To Bank's Collapse". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
- ^ Kuriloff, Aaron (February 28, 2015). "Doral Bank Fails After Years of Tumult". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
- ^ Danner, Patrick (September 13, 2013). "Edinburg bank is closed by the feds and sold". My San Antonio. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
- ^ Amy, Jeff (April 16, 2011). "Superior and Nexity banks seized by regulators". Al.com. Retrieved April 8, 2023.