In the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, there are 718 islands, 389 islets and 78 reefs,[1] making the Croatian archipelago the largest in the Adriatic Sea and the second largest in the Mediterranean Sea, after the Greek archipelago.[2]
Of the 718 islands, only 47 are inhabited in the sense that at least one person resides on that island.[3] Some sources indicate that Croatia has 67 inhabited islands,[4] counting those that have a settlement,[1] but 20 of those have lost all of their permanent population as a result of the population decline occurring throughout the Croatian islands due to insufficient economic activity.[5]
The Adriatic islands have been populated at least since the time of Ancient Greece. For example, Hvar was already populated between 3500 BC and 2500 BC[6] and Dionysius I of Syracuse founded a colony on Hvar and Vis in the 4th century BC.[7] The combined island population reached its peak in 1921, at 173,503 inhabitants, and went into steady decline in the following decades, dropping to pre-1850s level by 1981.[4] The depopulation trend was reversed only in the 1990s, with the 2001 census registering a population of 122,418, up from 110,953 in 1991.[1]
The main industries on the islands are agriculture, fishing and tourism. The islands' agriculture is primarily devoted to viticulture and olive growing. The local economy is relatively underdeveloped while the cost of living is 10 to 30% higher than on the mainland,[4] so the Croatian government provides various kinds of support and protection through its Islands Act (Croatian: Zakon o otocima) to stimulate the economy of the islands, including charging no tolls on bridges, and providing discounted or free ferry tickets for islanders.[8]
^ abcCroatian Bureau of Statistics (2009). "Geographical and meteorological data" (PDF). Statistical Yearbook for 2009. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. p. 44. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
^Faričić, Josip (23 February 2006). "Hrvatski pseudo-otoci". geografija.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 2009-02-26.
^Cite error: The named reference 2015 Yearbook was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcMinistry of Development and Reconstruction (February 1997). "National island development programme" (PDF). Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
^Treglav, Bojan (1 September 2006). "Za otoke milijardu kuna godišnje!" (PDF). Vjesnik (in Croatian). pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 2006-10-02.
^"Povijest Hvara". hvar.hr (in Croatian). City of Hvar. Archived from the original on 2016-10-28. Retrieved 2016-10-27.
^Hazel, John (2000). Who's who in the Greek world. Routledge. p. 86. ISBN 0-415-12497-2.
^"The Islands Act (Refined Text)" (PDF). Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure. 8 March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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