One of many memorials to those who died at the Berlin Wall
There were numerous deaths at the Berlin Wall, which stood as a barrier between West Berlin and East Berlin from 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989. Before the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, 3.5 million East Germans circumvented Eastern Bloc emigration restrictions, many by crossing over the border from East Berlin into West Berlin. From there they could then travel to West Germany and other Western European countries. Between 1961 and 1989, the Wall prevented almost all such emigration.[1]
The state-funded Centre for Contemporary History (ZZF) in Potsdam has confirmed that "... at least 140 people were killed at the Berlin Wall or died under circumstances directly connected with the GDR border regime",[2] including people attempting to escape, border guards, and innocent parties. However, researchers at the Checkpoint Charlie Museum have estimated the death toll to be significantly higher.[3]
Memorial for an unknown refugee, Berlin 1962
Escape attempts claimed the lives of many, from a child as young as one to an 80-year-old woman, and many died because of the accidental or illegal actions of the guards. In numerous legal cases throughout the 1990s, several border guards, along with political officials responsible for the defence policies, were found guilty of manslaughter and served probation or were jailed for their role in the Berlin Wall deaths.
^Church, George. Freedom! The Berlin Wall. Time, 20 November 1989. Accessed 3 September 2011.
^"Victims at the Wall". Chronik der Mauer. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
^"Todesopfer an der Berliner Mauer" [Fatalities at the Berlin Wall]. Chronik der Mauer (in German). Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
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