Uranium reserves are reserves of recoverable uranium, regardless of isotope, based on a set market price. The list given here is based on Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand, a joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency.[1]
Figures are given in metric tonnes. The reserves figures denote identified resources as of 1 January 2015, consisting of reasonably assured resources (RAR) plus inferred resources recoverable at a cost range of below US$260/kg U. The list also includes cumulative historical production figures.
The amount of ultimately recoverable uranium depends strongly on what one would be willing to pay for it. Uranium is a widely distributed metal with large low-grade deposits that are not currently considered profitable. As of 2015, 646,900 tonnes of reserves are recoverable at US$40 per kilogram of uranium, while 7,641,600 tonnes of reserves are recoverable at $260 per kilogram.[2] Moreover, much of Canada, Greenland, Siberia and Antarctica are currently unexplored due to permafrost and may hold substantial undiscovered reserves. Australia is estimated to have the largest reserves, followed by Kazakhstan, Canada and Russia.
Country
Continent
Reserves as of 2019 (tonnes)
Historical Production to 2014
Algeria
Africa
19,500
0
Argentina
South America
39,800
2,582
Australia
Australia
2,049,400
194,646
Belgium
Europe
0
686
Botswana
Africa
87,200
0
Brazil
South America
276,800
4,172
Bulgaria
Europe
0
16,364
Canada
North America
873,000
483,957
Central African Republic
Africa
32,000
0
Chad
Africa
2,400
0
Chile
South America
1,400
0
China
Asia
269,700
39,849[3][4]
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Africa
2,700
25,600[3]
Czech Republic
Europe
119,200
111,765[3]
Egypt
Africa
1,900
0
Finland
Europe
1,200
30
France
Europe
0
76,006
Gabon
Africa
5,800
25,403
Germany
Europe
7,000
219,686
Greece
Europe
7,000
0
Denmark (Greenland)
Europe
114,000
0
Hungary
Europe
13,500
21,067
India
Asia
104,042[5]
3000
Indonesia
Asia
8,400
0
Iran
Asia
7,500
0
Italy
Europe
6,100
0
Japan
Asia
6,600
84
Jordan
Asia
52,500
0
Kazakhstan
Asia
969,200
244,707
Madagascar
Africa
0
785
Malawi
Africa
14,300
4,217
Mali
Africa
8,900
0
Mauritania
Africa
24,500
0
Mexico
North America
5,000
49
Mongolia
Asia
143,500
535
Namibia
Africa
504,200
120,418
Niger
Africa
439,400
132,017
Pakistan
Asia
0
1,439[3]
Paraguay
South America
3,600
Peru
South America
33,400
0
Poland
Europe
0
650
Portugal
Europe
7,000
3,720
Romania
Europe
6,600
18,899[3]
Russia
Asia/Europe
661,900
158,844
Senegal
Africa
1,100
Slovakia
Europe
15,500
211
Slovenia
Europe
9,200
382
Somalia
Africa
7,600
0
South Africa
Africa
447,700
159,510
Spain
Europe
28,500
8,028
Sweden
Europe
9,600
200
Tanzania
Africa
58,200
0
Turkey
Asia/Europe
13,600
0
Ukraine
Europe
186,900
129,804
United States
North America
101,900
373,075
Uzbekistan
Asia
132,300
127,591[3]
Vietnam
Asia
3,900
0
Zambia
Africa
31,000
86
Zimbabwe
Africa
1,400
0
Total
8,070,400
2,818,415
Notes: Historical production for the Czech Republic includes 102,241 tonnes of uranium produced in former Czechoslovakia from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for Germany includes 213,380 tonnes produced in the German Democratic Republic from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for the Soviet Union includes the former Soviet Socialist Republics of Estonia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, but excludes Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Historical production for the Russian Federation and Uzbekistan is since 1992 only.
^Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand(PDF). Uranium. OECD Publishing. 2020. doi:10.1787/d82388ab-en. ISBN 978-92-64-26844-9. S2CID 241721777.
^Uranium 2016: Resources, Production and Demand(PDF). Uranium. OECD Publishing. 2016. doi:10.1787/uranium-2016-en. ISBN 978-92-64-26844-9.
^ abcdefestimate
^"China's Nuclear Fuel Cycle - World Nuclear Association".
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