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This is a list of companion plants, traditionally planted together. Many more are in the list of beneficial weeds. Companion planting is thought by its practitioners to assist in the growth of one or both plants involved in the association. Possible mechanisms[1] include attracting beneficial insects,[2] repelling pests,[3] or providing nutrients such as by fixing nitrogen,[4] shade, or support. Companion plantings can be part of a biological pest control program.[5] A large number of companion plant associations have been proposed; only a few of these have been subjected to scientific testing. Thus where a table column for example states "Helps" or "Helped by", this is to be read as meaning that traditional companion planting involves putting the named plants in that column into an association with the plant named at the left of the row, with the intention of causing the one plant to help or be helped by the other. Mechanisms that have been scientifically verified include using strongly aromatic plants to deter pests; using companions to hide crops from pests; providing plants as nurseries for beneficial insects including predators and parasitoids; trap cropping;[6] and allelopathy, where a plant inhibits the growth of other species.[7]
^Reddy, P. Parvatha (2017). "Companion Planting". Agro-ecological Approaches to Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer. pp. 149–164. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4325-3_10. ISBN 978-981-10-4324-6.
^McClure, Susan (1995). "Companion Planting Made Easy" (PDF). High Plains Food Bank. pp. 4–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2022. excerpted from McClure, Susan (1994). Companion Planting. Rodale Press. ISBN 978-0-87596-616-8.
^Parker, Joyce E.; Snyder, William E.; Hamilton, George C.; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar (2013). "Companion Planting and Insect Pest Control". Weed and Pest Control - Conventional and New Challenges. InTech. pp. 1–26. doi:10.5772/55044. ISBN 978-953-51-0984-6.
^Wagner, S. C. (2011). "Biological Nitrogen Fixation". Nature Education Knowledge. 3 (10): 15. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
^Balmer, Oliver; Pfiffner, Lukas; Schied, Johannes; Willareth, Martin; Leimgruber, Andrea; Luka, Henryk; Traugott, Michael (2 July 2013). "Noncrop flowering plants restore top-down herbivore control in agricultural fields". Ecology and Evolution. 3 (8). Wiley: 2634–2646. doi:10.1002/ece3.658. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 3930038. PMID 24567828.
^Cite error: The named reference limestone was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, H. P.; Kaur, Shalinder (2001). "Crop Allelopathy and Its Role in Ecological Agriculture". Journal of Crop Production. 4 (2): 121–161. doi:10.1300/j144v04n02_03. ISSN 1092-678X.
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