Bridges across the Jhelum in Srinagar city. Seven in green represent the old kadals. Brown are the newer bridges.
The city of Srinagar in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, originally had seven wooden bridges across the Jhelum River. The seven bridges — Amira, Habba, Fateh, Zaina, Aali, Nawa and Safa — were constructed between the 15th and 18th century. This number remained unchanged for at least five centuries.[1] In the Kashmiri language, these bridges are known as kadals.[2] Localities around them have been eponymously named.[3]
The old seven bridges are of similar construction and made of Cedrus deodara. Apart from heavy rocks used to add weight to the foundation, the entire bridge was made of wood.[4] A number of passages allow for the flow of water making them considerably strong against water level and flow changes.[4] They have been reconstructed a number of times.[4] In 1841, bridges 3 to 7 were washed away.[5] In 1893, bridges 2 to 7 were washed away.[5][6]
^Sufi, G. M. D. (1949). Kashmir A History of Kashmir. Vol. 2. University of Panjab. pp. 521–522 – via Internet Archive.
^Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (1895). The Valley of Kashmír. H. Frowde.
^Tiku, Deepak (October–December 2012). "Picturesque Bridges of Srinagar". Miraas. 5 (4): 28– – via ResearchGate.
^ abcGazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak. Calcutta. 1890. pp. 411, 775 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ abCite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Doughty, Marion (1901). Afoot Through the Kashmir Valleys. Harvard University. Sands & company. p. 168.
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