The following is a list of temples associated with the Jewish religion throughout its history and development, including Yahwism. While in the modern day, Rabbinic Jews will refer to "The Temple", and state that temples other than the Jerusalem temple, especially outside Israel,[1] are invalid, during the era in which Judaism had temples, multiple existed concurrently.[2]
Temples
Location
Establishment
Destruction/Decommission
The First Temple
Jerusalem, Palestine
10th-8th century BCE
587 BCE
Tel Motza Temple
Tel Motza, near Jerusalem
10th-9th century BCE.[3]
unclear, possibly existed into the 6th century BCE.[3]
Tel Arad
Tel Arad, Judah, Palestine
10th-7th century BCE.[4]
Probably destroyed during Hezekiah's reforms.[5]
Tel Dan
Tel Dan
Sometime after 930 BCE.[6]
Unclear.
Elephantine Temple
Elephantine Island, Egypt
unclear, already extant by 525 BCE.[7][1]
unclear, letter requesting to rebuild after destruction in 410 BCE[8] sent in 407 BCE.[9] Permission was granted.[8]
The Second Temple
Jerusalem, Palestine
Unclear. Dates given include 516 BCE and 350 BCE.[10]
70 CE by the Romans.[10]
Samaritan Temple
Mount Gerzim
450 BCE.[11]
110 BCE by the Maccabees.[11]
The Oniad Temple
Leontopolis
Unclear, possibly as early as 168-167 BCE.[12]
73-74 CE, by the Romans.
^ ab"Ancient Jewish Community Elephantine". 2008-12-04. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
^Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John (2010-04-15). Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-03216-4.
^Mondriaan, M. E. "Anat-Yahu and the Jews at Elephantine" (PDF). Journal for Semitics.
^ abRosenberg, Stephen G. (March 2004). "The Jewish Temple at Elephantine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (1): 4–13. doi:10.2307/4149987. ISSN 1094-2076. JSTOR 4149987. S2CID 162350945.
^"Elephantine Papyri: Petition to Bagoas". Displaced Dynasties. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2024-02-14.[unreliable source?]
^ ab"Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
^ abSauter, Megan (2023-09-17). "The Temple on Mount Gerizim—In the Bible and Archaeology". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
^Piotrkowski, Meron. Priests in Exile. p. 38.
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