Flowering plants in the order Commelinales recorded from South Africa
The Commelinales are an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae. Plants in the order share a number of synapomorphies that tie them together, such as a lack of mycorrhizal associations and tapetal raphides. Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to late Cretaceous. The order's closest relatives are in the Zingiberales.[1] The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]
Three families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
^Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, November 2011.
^Cite error: The named reference Doyle and Donoghue 1986 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Butler 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference PlantZAfrica was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Plants 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 27 Related for: List of Commelinales of South Africa information
The Commelinales are an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae...
subsp. submersum var. submersum, indigenous ListofCommelinalesofSouthAfrica – Order: Commelinales, Three families are represented: Family: Commelinaceae...
"Common Yellow Commelina". National Assessment: Red ListofSouthAfrican Plants version 2020.1. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). Retrieved...
evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." PhytoKeys (108): 25–83...
found on the Caribbean islands. It is naturalized in parts of Asia, Africa, Australia, South America, and various oceanic islands. The plant grows in thickets...
Weed List. It is considered a moderate weed of rice cultivation in Asia. In its native range of sub-Saharan Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and much of Southeast...
Madeira): 128 It is classified as a Category 1b Invasive Species in SouthAfrica, and thus in SouthAfrica it may no longer be planted, propagated, or be allowed to...
Americas, Africa and western Asia. In the Americas it is present in the United States, the West Indies, every country of Central America and south through...
list covers the monocotyledon plants found in Great Britain and Ireland. This clade includes grasses, lilies, orchids, irises and a wide variety of aquatic...
endemic to SouthAfrica (Eastern Cape province and KwaZulu-Natal). Like in the species of the closely related genus Wachendorfia, two types of individuals...
commelinids are a group of 29 interrelated families of flowering plants, named for one of the four included orders, Commelinales. This subgroup of the monocots accounts...
pantropical distribution in the tropics ofAfrica, Asia, and the Americas, with their greatest diversity in South Asia. "Zingiberales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved...
is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing a single species, Lanaria lanata, endemic to the southern coast ofSouthAfrica where it is associated...
Flora of Missouri Webpage Ethnopharmacognosy Series II: Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Values of Honohono Grass Commelina diffusa in West African plants...
australis (common reed) is important for thatching and wall construction of homes in Africa. Grasses are used in water treatment systems, in wetland conservation...
important to humans throughout much of history, especially in regions like the Middle East and North Africa. A wide range of common products and foods are derived...
Iridaceae, diverging 66mya. Subfamily Nivenioideae contained six genera from SouthAfrica, Australia and Madagascar, including the core genera and only true shrubs...
advances in understanding Apiales and a revised classification". SouthAfrican Journal of Botany. 70 (3): 371–381. doi:10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30220-9. Woodville...
includes the "crabwood trees" e.g. Carapa procera (South America and Africa) Cedrela odorata Central and South America; timber also known as Spanish-cedar Entandrophragma:...
Flora of Tropical East Africa. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, p. 126. Stearn 2002, p. 48. POWO, Aponogetonaceae. POWO, Aponogetonaceae, Flora of Somalia...
family from south-central Africa. This blue-flowered herb has been recorded from western Zambia, central Angola, and the southern portion of the Democratic...
80 in Costus). They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation...
Region)—99 genera, 780 species of which 600 are endemic. South America has 40 genera containing 340 native species, Southern Africa 15 genera with over 100 species...
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