Commelina benghalensis, commonly known as the Benghal dayflower, tropical spiderwort, or wandering Jew,[6]kanshira in Bengali, is a perennial herb native to tropical Asia and Africa. It has been widely introduced to areas outside its native range, including to the neotropics, Hawaii, the West Indies and to both coasts of North America. It has a long flowering period, from spring to fall in subtropical areas, and throughout the year closer to the equator.[7][8] It is often associated with disturbed soils.
In both it native range and areas where it has been introduced it is usually considered a weed, sometimes a serious one. In the United States it has been placed on the Federal Noxious Weed List. It is considered a moderate weed of rice cultivation in Asia.[9] In its native range of sub-Saharan Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and much of Southeast Asia, it is considered a serious weed of an enormous range of crops from tea and coffee to cassava and peanuts. Additional agricultural damage is caused by the fact that it can host the nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Groundnut rosette virus.[10]
In China it is used as a medicinal herb that is said to have diuretic, febrifugal and anti-inflammatory effects, while in Pakistan it is used to cure swellings of the skin, leprosy and as a laxative.
^ abSchumann, Karl Moritz (1895). "Commelinaceae". In Engler, Adolf (ed.). Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete (in German). Vol. C. Berlin: D. Reimer. pp. 134–137.
^Hasskarl, Justus Karl (1867). "Commelinaceae". In Schweinfurth, Georg (ed.). Beitrag zur Flora Aethiopiens (in German). Berlin: G. Reimer. pp. 206–214.
^Clarke, C.B. (1901). "Commelinaceae". In W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.). Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 8. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 54.
^Clarke, C. B. (1881). "Commelinaceae". In Alphonso de Candolle; Casimir de Candolle (eds.). Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodromi (in Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: G. Masson. pp. 113–324.
^Faden, Robert B. (2012), "Commelinaceae", in Beentje, Henk (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa, Richmond, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 200–203, ISBN 978-1-84246-436-6
^Umberto Quattrocchi. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms. Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press, 1999. p.594. ISBN 9780849326738
^Kaul, Veenu; Sharma, Namrata; Koul, A. K. (June 2002). "Reproductive effort and sex allocation strategy in Commelina benghalensis L., a common monsoon weed". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 140 (4): 403–413. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00082.x.
^Santhosh Nampy; Sheba M. Joseph; Manudev, K. M. (19 February 2013). "The genus Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India with one new species and three new records". Phytotaxa. 87 (2). Magnolia Press: 19–29. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.87.2.1.
^Caton, B. P.; M. Mortimer; J. E. Hill (2004), A practical field guide to weeds of rice in Asia, International Rice Research Institute, pp. 22–23, ISBN 978-971-22-0191-2
^Holm, Leroy G. (1977), The World's Worst Weeds, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, pp. 225–235, ISBN 978-0-471-04701-8
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