Laboratory glassware used for cooling gases into liquids
Liebig condenser
The Liebig condenser (/ˈliːbɪɡ/, LEE-big)[1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket.
In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical or oblique orientation. The hot vapor of some liquid is introduced at the upper end of the inner tube, and condenses in contact with its colder walls. Water (or some other fluid) is constantly circulated in the jacket to carry away the heat of vaporization released by the condensing vapor, keeping the tube below the liquid's boiling point. The condensed liquid drips out of the lower end of the inner tube.
The Liebig condenser can also be used in reflux or Soxhlet extraction operations, although other condenser types are better suited to those tasks. In this usage, the condenser is held vertically above the recipient with the boiling liquid. The vapor is admitted to the inner tube through the lower end, and the condensed liquid drips back through the same opening, while the upper end of the tube is usually left open to the atmosphere.
^Sargent, Epes (December 14, 1854). "The First-class Standard Reader for Public and Private Schools: Containing a Summary of Rules for Pronunciation and Elocution, Numerous Exercises for Reading and Recitation, a New System of References to Rules and Definitions, and a Copious Explanatory Index". Phillips, Sampson;New York – via Google Books.
The Liebigcondenser (/ˈliːbɪɡ/, LEE-big) or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass...
came to be known as the Liebigcondenser. Justus Liebig was born in Darmstadt into the middle-class family of Johann Georg Liebig and Maria Caroline Möser...
gas form all the way to the top, where it may then proceed through a condenser, which cools the vapor until it condenses into a liquid distillate. The...
off). In laboratory distillation, several types of condensers are commonly found. The Liebigcondenser is simply a straight tube within a water jacket and...
interchangeable commonly available parts. For example, a round bottom flask, Liebigcondenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together...
use, due to advances in technology, especially the invention of the Liebigcondenser, retorts were largely considered to have been rendered obsolete as...
Fractional distillation apparatus using a Liebigcondenser. A conical flask is used as a receiving flask. Here the distillation head and fractionating...
photo shows a testing cell for pipes made from glass, similar to a Liebigcondenser. The testing medium (liquid or gas) is situated in the inner white...
effectiveness of the condenser was increased. This principle was later used by Justus Liebig, in what is today usually referred to as a Liebigcondenser. Gadolin...
(1771), which was later improved upon by Justus von Liebig and then became known as the Liebigcondenser (Liebigkühler). Furthermore, the honeysuckle genus...
heating element. The Soxhlet extractor is placed atop the flask. A reflux condenser is placed atop the extractor. The solvent is heated to reflux. The solvent...
he developed a thriving department, “starting initially with one Liebigcondenser and a few flasks”. This perseverance finally resulted in a new chemistry...
Dimroth rearrangement, as well as a type of condenser with an internal double spiral, the Dimroth condenser. His son Karl Dimroth was also a renowned chemist...
or heating. They are also used in laboratory glassware: Liebig, Graham, and Allihn condensers. Water jackets were used to cool the barrels of machine...
purchased with a cold finger in place of a Dimroth condenser, for example. When used as a condenser in a rotary evaporator, cold fingers can be cooled...
can be achieved by changing from water-cooled condensers (Dimroth condenser) to air-cooled condensers (Vigreux column), which take advantage of the large...
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