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Fractional distillation information


Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C (45 °F) from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is typically used.

A crude oil distillation unit uses fractional distillation in the process of refining crude oil.

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Fractional distillation

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Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature...

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Distillation

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involving repeated distillation through a water-cooled still, by which an alcohol purity of 90% could be obtained. The fractional distillation of organic substances...

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Fractionating column

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A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts...

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Moonshine

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method is slow, and is not suitable for large-scale production. Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions...

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Continuous distillation

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continuous distillation is often a fractional distillation and can be a vacuum distillation or a steam distillation. Design and operation of a distillation column...

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Azeotrope

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it is not possible to separate the components by fractional distillation and azeotropic distillation is usually used instead. For technical applications...

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Fractional freezing

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crystallization. Fractional freezing is generally used to produce ultra-pure solids, or to concentrate heat-sensitive liquids. Freeze distillation is a misnomer...

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Fractionation

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and technology. Mixtures of liquids and gasses are separated by fractional distillation by difference in boiling point. Fractionation of components also...

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Naphtha

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produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat. In some industries and regions, the name...

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Vacuum distillation

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Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of...

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Steam distillation

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Clevenger-type apparatus. Azeotropic distillation Batch distillation Distillation Extractive distillation Fractional distillation Heteroazeotrope Herbal distillates...

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Liquid nitrogen

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about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a colorless, mobile liquid whose viscosity...

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Air separation

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rare inert gases. The most common method for air separation is fractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen...

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Noble gas

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separating them from air using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is also a byproduct of the mining of natural gas. Radon...

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Argon

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Temperature Scale of 1990. Argon is extracted industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. It is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding...

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Liquor

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Liquor (/ˈlɪkər/ LIK-ər) is an alcoholic drink produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic...

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Rayleigh fractionation

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which one phase is continuously removed from the system through fractional distillation. It is used in particular to describe isotopic enrichment or depletion...

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Bitumen

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to that of cold molasses while the material obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C (977 °F) is sometimes referred to...

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Helium

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extracted commercially by a low-temperature separation process called fractional distillation. Terrestrial helium is a non-renewable resource because once released...

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Ethanol

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For most industrial and fuel uses, the ethanol must be purified. Fractional distillation at atmospheric pressure can concentrate ethanol to 95.6% by weight...

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Neon

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uses are relatively limited. It is primarily obtained through the fractional distillation of liquid air, making it significantly more expensive than helium...

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Column still

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condense at the required strength. A column still is an example of a fractional distillation, in that it yields a narrow fraction of the distillable components...

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Mega Purple

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likely produced by a series of processes such as vacuum distillation, fractional distillation, and solvent extraction. The product is one of a series...

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Batch distillation

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heteroazeotropic distillation under continuous entrainer feeding. Azeotropic distillation Extractive distillation Fractional distillation Heteroazeotrope...

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Reflux

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using reflux Batch distillation Fractional distillation Fractionating column McCabe-Thiele method Kister, Henry Z. (1992). Distillation Design (1st ed.)...

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Butene

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mixture of products, and the butene is extracted from this by fractional distillation. Butene can be used as the monomer for polybutene, but this polymer...

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Oxygen

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blue light). High-purity liquid O 2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air. Liquid oxygen may also be condensed from air...

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