Cantos nacionales • Cara al Sol • Censorship in Francoist Spain • DGCT • Eagle of Saint John • El Caudillo • El Generalísimo • Francoist mottos • Gender roles in Francoist Spain • No-Do • Revisionist historiography • Sociological Francoism • Symbols of Francoism • Yoke and arrows
Laws and referendums
Francoist electoral regime
Law of Political Responsibilities
Army Conscription and Replacement Law
Fundamental Laws of the Realm
Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado
Organic Law of the State
Political Reform Act
1947 Spanish law of succession referendum
1966 Spanish organic law referendum
Neo-Francoism
Búnker
Francisco Franco National Foundation
New Force
National Alliance July 18
National Union (Spain)
23-F
Spanish Solidarity
Related topics
Blue Division
Carlo-francoism
Diplomatic relations
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
Francoist language policies
Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)
Pact of Forgetting
Project Islero
Second Spanish Republic
Spanish Maquis
Valley of the Fallen
Category
Conservatism portal
Spain portal
v
t
e
Lesbians in Francoist Spain had to contend with a culture where a fascist state met with a form of conservative Roman Catholicism to impose very rigid, traditional gender roles. In the immediate post-Civil War period, the new regime was not concerned with homosexuals in general, but instead were focused on changing laws to enforce restrictive gender norms like repealing divorce. While original laws banning homosexuality were on the books and enforced using a 1933 law, they were changed in 1954 and 1970. Unlike male homosexuality, lesbians were less clearly addressed by these laws and were much less frequently prosecuted for the crime of homosexuality. Lesbians from that period are hard to identify because they were not identified as such, and often identified as prostitutes instead.
Lesbians were repressed in Spain, using cultural, religious, psychiatric and medical institutions to facilitate this repression. During the Franco period, lesbians were forced into an inescapable closet that sometimes led to suicide. Consequently, lesbian culture was pushed underground. Women had to meet clandestinely and use code words to identify each other. They created their own unique family units, married men or had fake marriages to gay men. Some entered convents. Being outed posed dangers, including that they would be subjected to electroshock treatment as part of conversion therapy. Still, lesbians threw parties, went to the movies, and, starting the year Franco died, they created their own bar scene. Oculto sendero by Elena Fortún and the lesbian poetry of Lucía Sánchez Saornil were the most important works of early lesbian literature of this period, before the lesbian literary movement really began to take off in 1964 with works like Ana María Matute's 1964 novel The Soldiers Cry at Night (Spanish: Los soldados lloran de noche)
An independent history of lesbianism as a political movement in Spain does not begin until 1975, the year Franco died, as lesbian voices had been intentionally silenced prior to this. In this early period a transition to democracy, the voices of gay men were often louder with lesbians playing important support roles because of historically greater past gay male visibility and continuing patriarchy. In 1977, Barcelona based Front d'Alliberament Gai de Catalunya (FAGC) became the first gay men's organization to have a lesbian section. The first lesbian organization, Grup de Lluita per l'Alliberament de la Dona, in Spain would not be founded until 1979 in Barcelona. Political tensions would see lesbians split from gay men by 1981 and they would not join together again until the early 1990s.
and 24 Related for: Lesbians in Francoist Spain information
Some lesbians reclaimed this symbol as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle (many lesbians also reclaimed the pink triangle although lesbians were not...
('lipstick lesbians')." The prominence of lipstick lesbiansin the media is echoed by Rosalind Gill, who stated, "The figure of the 'luscious lesbian' [lipstick...
Heavily associated with lesbian history and culture, femme has been used among lesbians to distinguish traditionally feminine lesbians from their butch (i...
the main idea of political lesbianism is to be separate from men, this does not necessarily mean that political lesbians have to sleep with women. The...
self-esteem in regards to lesbian sexuality. Nichols said that the impact "of these studies on the perception of lesbians, notably by lesbians themselves...
(stud-fem), is a lesbian who exhibits some stereotypical butch traits without fitting the masculine stereotype associated with butch lesbians. Soft butch is...
of butch lesbians. While butch–femme roles had previously been the primary way of identifying lesbians and quantifying lesbian relationships in the 1940s...
ever came to court because gays and lesbians were considered by jurists to have mental illness. Lesbians also lived in a culture oriented around the Roman...
non-binary gender identities and transgender masculine identities among lesbians. The sociologist Sara Crawley has written that, while stone butch and masculine...
essay New Notes on Lesbianism: I name myself "lesbian" because this culture oppresses, silences, and destroys lesbians, even lesbians who don't call themselves...
Jill Johnston argued for lesbian separatism in her 1973 book Lesbian Nation. In the 1970s, the voices of American lesbians of color began to be heard...
reasons that inspired them to create a movement for lesbians. There were multiple chapters of the Lesbian Avengers within different cities such as: New York...
Women inFrancoistSpain (1939–1978) were the last generation of women to not be afforded full equality under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. Women during...
herself from lesbians by insulting us." They felt that the quip dismissed lesbians as an insignificant part of the movement, or lesbian issues as unnecessary...
as a need for homogeneity." She writes: "A fear of lesbians, or of being accused of being a lesbian, has led many Black women into testifying against themselves...
French lesbians sought to carve out space for themselves within feminism and within politics as a whole. They focused on the representation of lesbians and...
Lesbiansin the Spanish democratic transition period (1975 - 1982) experienced an increase in civil rights compared to Francoist rule, including the 1978...
small-town lesbians who could read them and see that they were not the only lesbiansin the world." Ann Bannon (Ann Weldy) (b. 1932) wrote six lesbian themed...
lesbians. Lesbians who changed roles were looked down upon and sometimes referred to as "KiKi" or "AC/DC". Out of this early organizing of lesbians came...
Lesbian Connection (LC ) is an American grassroots network forum publication "for, by and about lesbians". Founded in 1974 by the lesbian-feminist collective...
At times, erasure of lesbians is enabled when LGBT organizations fail to recognize the contributions of lesbians, such as when, in 2018, a statement about...
component for defining lesbians, some women who engage in same-sex sexual activity may reject not only identifying as lesbians but as bisexual as well...
forms of prejudice and negativity towards lesbians as individuals, as couples, as a social group, or lesbianismin general. Based on the categories of sex...
Global Information
LGBT portal
