The Gunsore man-eater after it was shot by British officer W. A. Conduitt on 21 April 1901. Credited with at least 20 human deaths, the leopard was killed on top of its last victim, a child from Somnapur village in the Seoni district, India.[1]
Leopard attacks are attacks inflicted upon humans, other leopards and other animals by the leopard. The frequency of leopard attacks on humans varies by geographical region and historical period. Despite the leopard's (Panthera pardus) extensive range from sub-Saharan Africa to Southeast Asia, attacks are regularly reported only in India and Nepal.[2][3] Among the five "big cats", leopards are less likely to become man-eaters—only jaguars and snow leopards have a less fearsome reputation.[4][5] However, leopards are established predators of non-human primates, sometimes preying on species as large as the western lowland gorilla.[6] Other primates may make up 80% of the leopard's diet.[7] While leopards generally avoid humans, they tolerate proximity to humans better than lions and tigers, and often come into conflict with humans when raiding livestock.[8]
Indian leopard attacks may have peaked during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, coinciding with rapid urbanization.[4] Attacks in India are still relatively common, and in some regions of the country leopards kill more humans than all other large carnivores combined.[9][10] The Indian states of Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal experience the most severe human–leopard conflict. In Nepal, most attacks occur in the midland regions (the Terai, midhills, and lesser Himalaya).[3] One study concluded that the rate of leopard predation on humans in Nepal is 16 times higher than anywhere else, resulting in approximately 1.9 human deaths annually per million inhabitants, averaging 55 kills per year.[3] In the former Soviet Central Asia, leopard attacks have been reported in the Caucasus, Turkmenia (present day Turkmenistan), and the Lankaran region of present-day Azerbaijan. Rare attacks have occurred in China.[11]
It is possible for humans to win a fight against a leopard, as in the case of a 56-year-old woman who killed an attacking leopard with a sickle and spade, and survived with heavy injuries,[12] and the case of a 73-year-old man in Kenya who fatally tore the tongue out of a leopard.[13] Globally, attacks on humans—especially nonfatal attacks that result in only minor injury—likely remain under-reported due to the lack of monitoring programs and standardized reporting protocol.[14]
^Conduitt, W. A. (1903). "A man-eating panther". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 14: 595–597. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
^Athreya, V. (2012). Conflict resolution and leopard conservation in a human dominated landscape (Ph.D.). Manipal University. hdl:10603/5431. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
^ abcMaskey, T. M.; Bauer, J.; Cosgriff, K. (2001). Village children, leopards and conservation. Patterns of loss of human live through leopards (Panthera pardus) in Nepal (Report). Kathmandu, Nepal: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation/Sustainable Tourism CRC.
^ abQuigley, H.; Herrero, S. (2005). "Chapter 3: Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans". In Woodroffe, R.; Thirgood, S.; Rabinowitz, A (eds.). People and wildlife: Conflict or co-existence?. Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–48. ISBN 9780521825054.
^Inskip, C.; Zimmermann, A. (2009). "Human-felid conflict: A review of patterns and priorities worldwide". Oryx. 43 (1): 18–34. doi:10.1017/S003060530899030X.
^Fay, J. M.; Carroll, R.; Kerbis-Peterhans, J. C.; Harris, D. (1995). "Leopard attack on and consumption of gorillas in the Central African Republic". Journal of Human Evolution. 29 (1): 93–99. doi:10.1006/jhev.1995.1048.
^Srivastava, K. K.; Bhardwaj, A. K.; Abraham, C. J.; Zacharias, V. J. (1996). "Food habits of mammalian predators in Periyar Tiger Reserve, South India". The Indian Forester. 122 (10): 877–883. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
^Quammen, D. (2003). Monster of God: The man-eating predator in the jungles of history and the mind. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 55–61. ISBN 9780393326093. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
^Kimothi, P. (February 5, 2011). "Losers on both sides as man-animal war rages". The Pioneer. Archived from the original on March 2, 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
^Athreya, V. R.; Thakur, S. S.; Chaudhuri, S.; Belsare, A. V. (2004). A study of the man-leopard conflict in the Junnar Forest Division, Pune District, Maharashtra (PDF) (Report). Submitted to the Office of the Chief Wildlife Warden, Maharashtra State Forest Department, and the Wildlife Protection Society of India, New Delhi, India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-05. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
^Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Bars (Leopard)". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 269–271. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
^"Indian woman survives leopard attack after fighting predator for 30 minutes". The Telegraph. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
^"Man rips leopard's tongue out". News24.com. 2005-06-23. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
^Löe, J.; Röskaft, E. (2004). "Large carnivores and human safety: A review". Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment. 33 (6): 283–288. doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.6.283. PMID 15387060. S2CID 37886162.
Leopardattacks are attacks inflicted upon humans, other leopards and other animals by the leopard. The frequency of leopardattacks on humans varies by...
The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern...
The Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a subspecies of the leopard (P. pardus) that was first scientifically described in 1794. It is widely distributed...
injuries sustained in attacks. Units of Gurkha soldiers and British soldiers were sent to track it, but failed. Attempts to kill the leopard with high powered...
woman was attacked and killed by a leopard in Bhiwandi, Thane City, in 2013. Five days later, a 14-year-old shepherd survived a leopardattack in the same...
The Leopard 2 is a third generation German main battle tank (MBT). Developed by Krauss-Maffei in the 1970s, the tank entered service in 1979 and replaced...
Vicky van Bockhaven writes: Reports that the Anyoto sometimes imitated leopardattacks, and the existence of their costumes, played on the European imagination...
The African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) is the nominate subspecies of the leopard, native to many countries in Africa. It is widely distributed in...
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia), occasionally called ounce, is a species of large cat in the genus Panthera of the family Felidae. The species is native...
batsman and an effective medium pace bowler. Whittall escaped from a leopardattack on 25 April 2024 with injuries. Whittall born at Chipinge in what was...
tulliana, also called Anatolian leopard, Persian leopard and Caucasian leopard in different parts of its range, is a leopard subspecies that was first described...
The Leopard of the Central Provinces, also known as the Devilish Cunning Panther, was a man-eating male Indian leopard which over the course of a couple...
leopardattack in Mumbai". NDTV. Retrieved 8 June 2018. "Mumbai: In third leopardattack in a month, seven-year-old boy killed". NDTV.com. "Leopard kills...
The Kampfpanzer Leopard (styled as Kampfpanzer Leopard 1 or Leopard I after the introduction of the Leopard 2) is a main battle tank designed by Porsche...
The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped...
S2CID 92514788. Carrington, Damian (2003-07-24). "Inquiry into fatal leopard seal attack begins". New Scientist. Chianese, Robert Louis (2017). "Perspective:...
The leopard gecko or common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) is a ground-dwelling gecko native to the rocky dry grassland and desert regions of...
the leopard. Gorilla remains have been found in leopard scat, but this may be the result of scavenging. When the group is attacked by humans, leopards, or...
The Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) is a leopard subspecies native to Sri Lanka. It was first described in 1956 by Sri Lankan zoologist Paules...
with help from Bai Yufeng and Li Sou. The emphasis of leopard is speed and angular attack. The leopard does not overwhelm or rely on strength, as does the...
Mac OS X Leopard (version 10.5) is the sixth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released...
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh to kill man-eating tigers and leopards that were attacking people in the nearby villages of the Kumaon and Garhwal Divisions...
about leopard behavior. An RTI has revealed that from 2016 to 2018, seven leopards have been rescued. While Aarey has been infamous for leopardattacks, research...
Mac OS X Snow Leopard (version 10.6) (also referred to as OS X Snow Leopard) is the seventh major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating...
The Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) is the smallest leopard subspecies. It was described in 1830 and is native to the Arabian Peninsula, where it...
sipri.org. Retrieved 3 November 2018. "L'armée belge se sépare du char Léopard" (in French). RTBF.BE. Belga News. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September...
Global Information