Jingdezhen dish of typical shape. Width: 18 5/8 in. (47.3 cm). For profile view see below.
Kraak ware or Kraak porcelain (Dutch Kraakporselein) is a type of Chinese export porcelain produced mainly in the late Ming dynasty, in the Wanli reign (1573–1620), but also in the Tianqi (1620–1627) and the Chongzhen (1627–1644).[1] It was among the first Chinese export wares to arrive in Europe in mass quantities, and was frequently featured in Dutch Golden Age paintings of still life subjects with foreign luxuries.
The wares have "suffered from imprecise terminology", sometimes being loosely used for many varieties of Chinese export blue and white pottery. Strictly defined, it "is distinguished by the arrangement of its ornament into panels; these usually radiate to a bracketed rim notorious for its liability to chip".[2] It is a sub-class of Jingdezhen ware, mostly made as "deep bowls and wide dishes", decorated with motifs from nature, in a style not used on wares for the domestic Chinese market.[3]
Profile view of Jingdezhen dish above
The quality of the porcelain used to form Kraak ware is much disputed among scholars; some claim that it is surprisingly good, in certain cases indistinguishable from that produced on the domestic market;[4] others imply that it is a dismal shadow of the truly fine ceramics China was capable of producing.[5] Rinaldi comes to a more even-handed conclusion, noting that it "forms a middle category between much heavier wares, often coarse, and definitely finer wares with well levigated clay and smooth glaze that does not shrink on the rim... " Thus looking at ceramic production in China at the time from a larger prospective, Kraak ware falls between the best examples and a typical provincial output, such as the contemporary Swatow ware, also made for export, but to South-East Asia and Japan.[6]
^Vinhais L and Welsh J: Kraak Porcelain: the Rise of Global Trade in the 16th and early 17th centuries. Jorge Welsh Books 2008, p. 17
Kraakware or Kraak porcelain (Dutch Kraakporselein) is a type of Chinese export porcelain produced mainly in the late Ming dynasty, in the Wanli reign...
Hasami ware and Tobe ware are more popular wares mostly using in blue and white. Large Arita ware dish, c. 1680, imitating Chinese export Kraakware. Japanese...
Imari ware (Japanese: 伊万里焼, Hepburn: Imari-yaki) is a Western term for a brightly-coloured style of Arita ware (有田焼, Arita-yaki) Japanese export porcelain...
type of relatively informal ware, largely destined for the Japanese market, made at Jingdezhen in the 17th century. Kraakware is a type of Jingdezhen export...
initially, the somewhat crude style of Chinese export porcelain known as Kraakware was imitated for "open" shapes like plates and dishes. This seems to have...
Garrus ware Gombroon wareKraakware Kubachi ware Lustreware Mina'i ware Moarragh, traditional ceramic mosaic tile developed by the Seljuks Persian Kraak ware...
animal-shaped objects). Plate, 16th century, imitating Chinese Kraakware Plate, Kubachi ware, 16th century Tile with young man. Earthenware, painted on slip...
the east coast of Singapore; the looted porcelain came to be known as Kraakware, and the arbitration over the legality of the Dutch attack included Hugo...
distribution is revealed through Kraak porcelain found in European, colonial, and shipwreck archaeological contexts. Kraakware can be classified as any thin...
execution. European markets were probably much less significant, and the Kraakware of the same period was probably always sent in greater quantity there...
One - shipwreck of a Chinese junk on the Yuegang-Manila route Kraakware or Swatow ware - style of Chinese porcelain exported from Yuegang Higgins 1980...
export porcelain in terms of their painted decoration, both the cheaper Kraakware and better quality blue and white wares, whereas others have decoration...
in the Yongzheng era when the finest pieces were made, and famille rose ware reached the peak of its technical excellence during the Qianlong period....
paintings by Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, and became a specialist on Dutch Kraakware. She was a close friend of the Dutch art historian and museum director...
Special types of wares were developed for them, such as the Chinese Kraakware and Swatow ware, mostly producing large dishes for serving communally to a table...
Ding ware, Ting ware (Chinese: 定瓷; pinyin: Dìngcí) or Dingyao are Chinese ceramics, mostly porcelain, that were produced in the prefecture of Dingzhou...
ware and Jizhou ware made during the Song dynasty are examples. Porcelain, on a Western definition, is "a collective term comprising all ceramic ware...
sub-type of what is called in the West Imari ware, the overglaze coloured variety of the broader grouping Arita ware, dominant in Japanese export porcelain...
Qingbai ware (Chinese: 青白; pinyin: qīngbái; lit. 'green-white') is a type of Chinese porcelain produced under the Song Dynasty and Yuan dynasty, defined...
Kutani ware (九谷焼, Kutani-yaki) is a style of Japanese porcelain traditionally supposed to be from Kutani, now a part of Kaga, Ishikawa, in the former Kaga...
valued as trade goods themselves by the natives, even more so than the Kraak and Swatow porcelain favored by European traders. The jars (and their contents)...
blue-and-white ware, were regarded as rare curios and art objects, and were often mounted in precious metals. Wares include Kraak porcelain, Swatow ware, transitional...
these high temperatures. End applications include tableware, decorative ware such as figurines, toilets ("porcelain thrones") and washbasins, and products...
Xing ware or Xingyao (simplified Chinese: 邢窑; traditional Chinese: 邢窯; pinyin: Xíngyáo) is a type of Chinese ceramics produced in Hebei province in north...
stoneware, glazed pottery, glazed stoneware, porcelain, and blue-and-white ware. Japan has an exceptionally long and successful history of ceramic production...
giving the impression of symmetry. The onion pattern was designed as a white ware decorated with cobalt blue underglaze pattern. Sometimes dishes have gold...
same year, Queen Charlotte gave official permission to call it "Queen's Ware" (from 1767). This new form, perfected as white pearlware (from 1780), sold...
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