Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis,[1]Cologhlis and Qulaughlis (from Turkish Kuloğlu "Children of The Empire Servants" from Kul "soldier"[2][3] or "servant" + Oğlu "son of"), but the translation of the word "kul" as slave is misleading since in the Ottoman context, it referred to one's special status as being in the special service of the sultan.[4] It was a term used during the period of Ottoman influence in North Africa that usually designated the mixed offspring of Ottoman[a] officials[5] and janissaries, and local North African women.[6][7][8][9]
^Britannica (2012), Koulougli, Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
^Răileanu, Viorica. "Éléments de compositions turcs et grecs dans les anthroponymes." Studii şi cercetări de onomastică şi lexicologie (SCOL) 1-2 (2014): 100-105.
^Procházka, Stephan. "Les mots turcs dans l’arabe marocain." Dynamiques langagières en Arabophonies: Variations, contacts, migrations et créations artistique. Hommage offert à Dominique Caubet par ses élèves et collègues. Zaragoza-Paris (2012): 201-222. p.216.
^Mergen Türk, Nazlı Esim. "The notion of hassa soldiery and kul identity in the early Ottoman state–example of the janissary corps a comparative study." PhD diss., Bilkent University, 2022.
^Proletarian and Gendered Mass Migrations: A Global Perspective on Continuities and Discontinuities from the 19th to the 21st Centuries. BRILL. 2013-05-02. ISBN 978-90-04-25138-0.
^Algeria: A Study in Competing Ideologies - Kay Adamson, A&C Black
^The Tunisian Ulama 1873-1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents - Arnold H. Green, Brill Archive
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Boyer, Pierre (1970). "Le problème Kouloughli dans la régence d'Alger". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 8 (1): 79–94. doi:10.3406/remmm.1970.1033.
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African women. The word Kouloughli or Kuloglu referred to children of janissaries and local women. Some sources refer to Kouloughlis as children of any Ottoman...
The Turks in Libya, also commonly referred to as Kouloughlis(Arabic: كراغلة) are Libyans who claim partial descent from Ottoman Janissaries in Libya....
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population of Turkish origin, and those of partial Turkish origin, the Kouloughlis. By the beginning of the 16th century the Libyan coast had minimal central...
population and their male offspring were called "Kouloughlis". Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" were used to distinguish between those of full...
hundred smaller units (ortas). Kouloughlis were people of mixed Ottoman and Moorish origins. In 1629 the Kouloughlis, allied with many other local tribes...
was Hayreddin's son Hasan, who assumed the position in 1544. He was a Kouloughli or of mixed origins, as his mother was an Algerian Mooresse. Until 1587...
Turkish and Berber minorities. The Turkish minority are often called "Kouloughlis" and are concentrated in and around villages and towns. There are some...
Algeria eventually supplanted domination by the Ottoman Empire and the Kouloughlis. There was a lot of pent-up resentment against the Ottomans when the...
Djamel Eddine Kouloughli (Arabic: جمال الدين كولوغلي) was an Algerian and French linguist (6 December 1947 – 22 January 2013) who specialized in the phonology...
connections to the Kabyles, he signed an alliance with the Zwawas, and the Kouloughlis. After they attempted to rebel against his rule he at one point had more...
including Palestine, Syria, Arabia, and Egypt. Furthermore, some Turkish/Kouloughli families also settled in Morocco (such as in Tangier and Tétouan). In...
present in Constantine and in the garrison towns, it was the same as the Kouloughlis. A Jewish population was also noted in the towns of the Beylik. At the...
population. Power was in the hands of the Odjak, and native Algerians and Kouloughlis were excluded from high government positions, although they could still...
Turkish speakers can be found in Libya, most of them belonging to the Kouloughli ethnicity that inhabit cities like Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata. Italian...
Turkish-origin population. Historically, male descendants were known as the Kouloughlis. In the 16th century, control of the western Mediterranean was contested...
divided between Hadars (the middle class, descended from the Moors) and Kouloughlis (descendants of Turks and Berber women). Its centuries of rich history...
successfully raised an army of Kabyle Zwawa cavalry, Arab infantry and Kouloughli troops. Many of the Janissaries were executed, while the rest fled, and...
the Jaish Al-Mohammadi were deserters from the French army, Turks and Kouloughlis. They were experienced in maintaining light and heavy cannons. Each artillery...
Turkish origin, historically the male descendants were referred to as the Kouloughlis. Independence from France was achieved on 20 March 1956. The State was...
in 1833 France captured the city with minimal losses, from Kabyle and Kouloughli forces. The Algerian Kabyles tried to recapture the city in 1835, but...
Ottoman Empire Turkish population Turks in Europe Turks in the Arab world Kouloughlis Turks in the Balkans Turks in the former Soviet Union Turkish diaspora...
at the apex, but use of Tunisian Arabic increased in government use. Kouloughlis (children of mixed Turkish and Tunisian parentage) and native Tunisians...
referred to as Kouloughlis (Turkish: kuloğlu) due to their mixed Turkish and central Maghrebi blood. Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" have traditionally...
Andalusians (descended from Moors exiled from Spain during the Crusades), Kouloughlis (offspring of Turkish men and North African women), blacks (mostly slaves...
Mostaganem. He ruled until 1734, when he died a natural death. In 1748, the Kouloughlis of Tlemcen revolted, albeit the revolt was crushed. In 1754, a new revolt...
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