Global InformationKorean conflict information
| Korean conflict | |||||||||
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| Part of the Cold War in Asia (until 1991) | |||||||||
 The Korean DMZ, viewed from the north | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 South Korea |
 North Korea | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Former
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Former
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| See Korean War for details of belligerents during the war. | |||||||||
The Korean conflict is an ongoing conflict based on the division of Korea between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (Republic of Korea), both of which claim to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea. During the Cold War, North Korea was backed by the Soviet Union, China, and other allies, while South Korea was backed by the United States, United Kingdom, and other Western allies.
The division of Korea by the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in 1945 after the defeat of Japan ended Japanese rule of Korea, and both superpowers created separate governments in 1948. Tensions erupted into the Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953. When the war ended, both countries were devastated, but the division remained. North and South Korea continued a military standoff, with periodic clashes. The conflict survived the end of the Cold War and is still ongoing. It is now considered part of the 10 frozen conflicts of this world and is considered one of the oldest with the Sino-Taiwanese conflict.
The U.S. maintains a military presence in the South to assist South Korea in accordance with the ROK–U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty. In 1997, U.S. President Bill Clinton described the division of Korea as the "Cold War's last divide".[1] In 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush described North Korea as a member of an "axis of evil".[2][3] Facing increasing isolation, North Korea developed missile and nuclear capabilities.
Following heightened tension throughout 2017, and some parts of 2018, 2018 saw North Korea, South Korea, and the U.S. holding a series of summits, which promised peace and nuclear disarmament. This led to the Panmunjom Declaration on 27 April 2018, when the North and the South agreed to work together to denuclearize the peninsula, improve inter-Korean relations, end the conflict officially, and move towards the peaceful reunification. In subsequent years, diplomatic efforts faltered and military confrontation returned to the fore.
The Korean border remains the most militarized private area in the world with the presence of the Korean People's Army in north; the Forces of the Republic of Korea and the United States Forces Korea (highlighted notably through the Combined Forces) in south and the presence of the forces of United Nations in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (JSA and Camp Bonifas).
- ^ Hyung Gu Lynn (2007). Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas since 1989. Zed Books. p. 3.
- ^ Cumings, Bruce (2005). Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 504. ISBN 0393327027.
- ^ Bluth, Christoph (2008). Korea. Cambridge: Polity Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0745633572.