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Special Forces Command
Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus)
Insignia of the Kopassus
Active
16 April 1952; 72 years ago (1952-04-16))
Country
Indonesia
Branch
Indonesian Army
Type
Army Special Forces
Role
Group 1 & 2 – Para Commandos specializing in Special operations, Jungle warfare, Unconventional warfare, Counter-insurgency, Special reconnaissance, and Direct action tasks
Group 3 – Special Forces Training Center
Group 4 – Combat Intelligence and Clandestine
Group 5, Also known as SAT-81 Gultor – Counter Terrorism
Size
Division (4 brigades and 1 training center)
Part of
Indonesian National Armed Forces
Garrison/HQ
Cijantung, Jakarta
Nickname(s)
Hantu Rimba (Ghost of the Jungle), Baret Merah (Red Berets), Komando
Motto(s)
Berani, Benar, Berhasil ("Brave, Rightful, Successful")
Anniversaries
16 April 1952
Engagements
Regional rebellions 1950s
Darul Islam rebellion
PRRI rebellion
Permesta rebellion
South Maluku Rebellion
Invasion of Ambon
Operation Trikora
Papua conflict (1962–present)
Mapenduma hostage crisis (1996)
Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation (1963–1966)
Indonesian killings of 1965-66
30 September Movement
Communist insurgency in West Kalimantan (1967–1974)[1]
East Timor military campaign (Operation Seroja) 1975
Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2004)
The Hijacking of Garuda Flight GA 206 (Woyla Operation) 1981
1998 Jakarta riots (alleged)
Poso riots (1998–2001)
1999 East Timorese crisis
Maluku sectarian conflict (1999–2002)
Maluku Sovereignty Front Rebellion (2000–present)
Capture of Omar al-Faruq (2002) part of War on Terror
MV Sinar Kudus Hijacking (2011)
Operation Madago Raya (2016–2022)
Garuda Contingent (UN peacekeeping)
Website
kopassus.mil.id
Commanders
Commandant General
Major General Djon Afriandi [id]
Deputy Commandant General
Brigadier General Yudha Airlangga [id]
Notable commanders
Major Idjon Djanbi
General Sarwo Edhie Wibowo
General Prabowo Subianto
General Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan
Military unit
The Kopassus (Indonesian: Komando Pasukan Khusus, Special Forces Command) is an Indonesian Army (TNI-AD) special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, intelligence gathering and special reconnaissance (SR). Kopassus was founded by Alexander Evert Kawilarang and Mochammad Idjon Djanbi on 16 April 1952. It gained worldwide attention after several operations such as the Indonesian invasion of East Timor and the release of hostages from Garuda Indonesia Flight 206.
The special forces spearheaded some of the government's military campaigns: putting down regional rebellions in the late 1950s, the Operation Trikora (Western New Guinea campaign) in 1961–1962, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation from 1962 to 1966, the massacres of alleged communists in 1965, the East Timor invasion in 1975, and subsequent campaigns against separatists in various provinces.
Kopassus has been reported by national and international media, human rights-affiliated NGOs and researchers[2] to have committed violations of human rights in East Timor, Aceh, Papua and Java.[3] In 2019, the United States announced that it would conduct a combined exercise training with Kopassus in 2020.[4][5] The US had ended links with Kopassus in 1999 as the Leahy Law banned assistance to foreign military units with a history of human rights violations until those responsible are prosecuted.[6][7] Kopassus has introduced internal reforms and undertaken human rights courses with the International Committee of the Red Cross.[5][6] In 2018, US Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis said he wanted to lift the ban as Kopassus had reformed and removed human rights abusive soldiers.[8][9] In response, Senator Patrick Leahy said Mattis needs to establish whether Kopassus has punished officers and is today "accountable to the rule of law".[8] Human Rights Watch criticised plans to lift the ban as Kopassus officers had not been prosecuted.[3]
^Conboy 2003, pp. 172–174, 192–194.
^Tanter, Richard; van Klinken, Geert Arend; Van Klinken,Gerry; Ball, Desmond (2006). Masters of terror: Indonesia's military and violence in East Timor. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 218.
^ abHarsono, Andreas (26 January 2018). "The US Should Not Be Rehabilitating Indonesia's Abusive Special Forces". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^"Joint Statement Between the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia and the Department of Defense of the United States of America". United States Department of Defense (Press release). 31 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^ abMcBeth, John (14 June 2019). "Abusive Indonesian unit back in America's good graces". Asia Times. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
^ abBumiller, Elisabeth; Onishi, Norimitsu (22 July 2010). "U.S. Lifts Ban on Indonesian Special Forces Unit". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^"Indonesia: US Resumes Military Assistance to Abusive Force". Human Rights Watch. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^ abHorton, Alex (24 January 2018). "Secretary Mattis seeks ties with once-brutal Indonesia special forces unit, with an eye on China". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^Stewart, Phil; Beo Da Costa, Agustinus (23 January 2018). "Indonesia looks to U.S. to relax limits on its special forces". Reuters. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
would conduct a combined exercise training with Kopassus in 2020. The US had ended links with Kopassus in 1999 as the Leahy Law banned assistance to foreign...
Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2013. "Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" (in Croatian). Hrvatski...
details on Kopassus, see Ken Conboy (2003) KOPASSUS Inside Indonesia's Special Forces, Equinox Publishing, ISBN 979-95898-8-6. Ken Conboy, Kopassus: Inside...
returned fire. One of the Kopassus commandos was shot, probably by his comrades, as was the pilot, also probably by Kopassus commandos. The rest of the...
Subagyo removed Muchdi from the command of Kopassus. Major-General Syahrir was sworn in as the new Kopassus chief on May 25. Muchdi was shifted to the...
Retrieved 26 May 2020. Conboy 2003, p. 17. Conboy 2003, p. 16. "Sejarah Kopassus". kopassus.mil.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 May 2020. Conboy 2003, pp. 18–21...
training before joining Indonesia's army elite unit, the Kopassus. He was assigned to Kopassus 2nd unit in Kandang Menjangan, Kartosuro, Sukoharjo. He...
Indonesian Military Academy in 1970 and mostly served in the Special Forces (Kopassus) until he was appointed to lead the Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad)...
honorary member of Kopassus and received a red beret during a ceremony commemorating the 47th anniversary of the establishment of Kopassus. In August 1956...
academy in 1991. Pama Pussenif Pama Kopassus Kasi Ops Sektor A di Timor Timur Danyon 22 Grup 2 Kopassus Kapen Kopassus Dandim 0735/Surakarta (2009–2011)...
and organization in Kopassus. He held various commanding and non-commanding position in Kopassus, including a stint as Kopassus's public information officer...
Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group. Philippines: Philippine Army, Philippine Marine...
Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group Iran: 200 PPs made via government contract. Latvia:...
general in the Indonesian Army and the former Commander of Puspasus (now Kopassus) from 1967 to 1970. Widjojo Soejono was born in Tulungagung, East Java...
and served until he passed away due to a heart attack in 2022. Being a Kopassus officer for most of his career, Danny was known for his hands on approach...
general of Kopassus, Bambang was assigned to Group 4 of Kopassus and became Prabowo's secretary. He was later appointed the commander of 42nd Kopassus Battalion...
Commander of the Kopassus Combat Battle School Of Detachment-81 Counter-Terrorist at Kopassus Education Center (1986). Commander of Kopassus Hunter Killer...
Republik Indonesia) are known for heavy acronyms use. Examples include the Kopassus (Komando Pasukan Khusus; 'Special Forces Command'), Kopaska (Komando Pasukan...
on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2012-03-04. "Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" [Kopassus & Kopaska – Special Forces of the Republic...
Airport, Timika, Irian Jaya (now Central Papua), Indonesia, by a member of Kopassus Sec. Lt. Sanurip. Sixteen people were killed and eleven others were injured...
Pengalaman Tempur, Dipercaya Kopassus Sebagai Senapan Anti Material" [Barret M82A1: Full of Combat Experience, Trusted by Kopassus as an Anti-Materiel Rifle]...
Indonesian army; and A. E. Kawilarang, founder of the elite special forces Kopassus. In 1898, the population of Java numbered 28 million with another 7 million...
behind a Kopassus observation team, withdrew. During the withdrawal, a helicopter hit a tree and crashed, killing all five personnel on-board. Kopassus confirmed...
Pasukan Katak (KOPASKA) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group. Iraqi insurgents Ivory Coast: Alassane Ouattara's...
Provinces of Indonesia. Army Special Forces Command (Komando Pasukan Khusus / Kopassus). Command held by two-star General. It conducts mainly special operations...
Kalibar. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2009-04-04. "Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" (in Croatian). Hrvatski...
Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group. Ireland: AWM - .338 Lapua Magnum version is used...