Knockdown resistance, also called kdr, describes cases of resistance to diphenylethane (e.g. DDT) and pyrethroid[1] insecticides in insects and other arthropods that result from reduced sensitivity of the nervous system caused by point mutations in the insect population's genetic makeup. Such mutative resistance is characterized by the presence of kdr alleles in the insect's genome. Knockdown resistance, first identified and characterized in the house fly (Musca domestica) in the 1950s, remains a threat to the continued usefulness of pyrethroids in the control of many pest species. Research since 1990 has provided a wealth of new information on the molecular basis of knockdown resistance.[2]
^Labbé, Pierrick; Alout, Haoues; Djogbénou, Luc; Pasteur, Nicole; Weill, Mylène (2011). "Evolution of Resistance to Insecticide in Disease Vectors". In Tibayrenc, Michel (ed.). Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Disease. Elsevier. pp. 363–409. ISBN 978-0-12-384890-1.
^Zhu, F.; Wigginton, J.; Romero, A.; Moore, A.; Ferguson, K.; Palli, R.; Potter, M. F.; Haynes, K. F.; Palli, S. R. (April 2010). "Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), populations in the United States". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 73 (4): 245–57. doi:10.1002/arch.20355. PMID 20301216.
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Knockdownresistance, also called kdr, describes cases of resistance to diphenylethane (e.g. DDT) and pyrethroid insecticides in insects and other arthropods...
needed to assemble a vehicle Knockdownresistance, genetic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in many insect species Knockdown texture, a drywall finishing...
cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases, and the knockdownresistance (kdr) sodium channel mutations which render the action of insecticides...
Smith et al 2016. Knockdownresistance (kdr) is one of the stronger kinds of resistance. kdr mutations confer target-site resistance to DDT and pyrethroids...
channel being the target of pyrethroids, this is suspected to be a knockdownresistance (kdr) mutation, and that that is the reason for its prevalence. Although...
approximately 10% after 3 months. In Aedes aegypti permethrin resistance is via "knockdownresistance" (kdr) mutations which is common to pyrethroids and DDT...
commonly used. This widespread use of pyrethroids and DDT has caused Knockdownresistance (kdr) mutations. Almost no research has been done on the fitness...
El-Ghar, Gamal E.; Lee, Si Hyeock; Clark, J. Marshall (1 March 2014). "KnockdownResistance Allele Frequencies in North American Head Louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae)...
reduce fitness. Saddler et al., 2015 finds even An. gambiae with knockdownresistance (kdr) are more susceptible to DDT if they are first infected with...
vector mosquitoes has increased resistance to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides, involving knockdownresistance (kdr)-related gene mutations in...
Sweden KDR, IATA airport code of Kandrian Airport in Papua New Guinea Knockdownresistance of insects to pesticides Radioplane KDR Quail, 1940s US target drone...
"Retraction for Drali et al., "Detection of a KnockdownResistance Mutation Associated with Permethrin Resistance in the Body Louse Pediculus humanus corporis...
include resistance to certain pests, diseases, environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide)...
Inhibitors and HIV". Anderson J, Akkina R (September 2007). "Complete knockdown of CCR5 by lentiviral vector-expressed siRNAs and protection of transgenic...
used to achieve the same applications as in RNAi. For bacteria, gene knockdown by CRISPRi has been fully implemented and characterized (off-target analysis...
One consequence of the mode of action is that cyhalothrin has useful knockdown properties. That is, affected larvae rapidly cease feeding and may fall...
originally evolved from components of the translation initiation system. Gene knockdown is a method used to reduce the expression of an organism’s specific genes...
Justice/Hardcore Justice (2005–2015; 2021) Homecoming (2019; 2021) Knockouts Knockdown (2021) Over Drive (2022) See also Weekly pay-per-view show (2002–2004)...
chemical groups covalently attached to facilitate entry into cells. Gene knockdown is achieved by reducing the expression of a particular gene in a cell...
the tenth round. He led the score through the entire fight and scored a knockdown in the second round. The judges gave Cotto scores of 100–89, 100–89, and...
Campos S, Miah AH, et al. (August 2015). "Catalytic in vivo protein knockdown by small-molecule PROTACs". Nature Chemical Biology. 11 (8): 611–7. doi:10...
been ruled a knockdown because it appeared that only the roped kept Macklin on his feet, referee Eddie Cotton, ruled out the knockdown. Golovkin dominates...
GapmeRs Handbook: LNA-optimized oligonucleotides for strand-specific knockdown of mRNA and IncRNA. Germantown, MD: Author Roberts, Thomas C.; Langer...
competed in the company's One Night Only pay-per-view series, Knockouts Knockdown 2017 against Laurel Van Ness in another losing effort. Ellering made her...
neurodegenerative disorders. Gene silencing is often considered the same as gene knockdown. When genes are silenced, their expression is reduced. In contrast, when...
Bodybuilding is the practice of progressive resistance exercise to build, control, and develop one's muscles via hypertrophy. An individual who engages...
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