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Kingdom of Pontus
281 BC–62 AD
The Kingdom of Pontus at its height: before the reign of MithridatesVI (dark purple), after his early conquests (purple), and his conquests in the first Mithridatic wars (pink)
Status
Independent kingdom (281 – 63 BC)
Client kingdom of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire (eastern part of the kingdom; 63 BC – 62 AD)
Capital
Amaseia, Sinope
Common languages
Greek (official after 3rd century BC,[1] coastal cities)
Persian, Armenian (after 115 BC) and Anatolian languages (regional and dynastic)
Religion
Syncretic, incorporating Greek polytheism, Iranian religion, and local Anatolian religion.
Government
Monarchy
Basileus
• 281–266 BC
Mithridates I Ktistes
• 266–250 BC
Ariobarzanes
• c. 250–220 BC
Mithridates II
• c. 220–185 BC
Mithridates III
• c. 185 – c. 170 BC
Pharnaces I
• c. 170 – 150 BC
Mithridates IV and Laodice
• c. 150 – 120 BC
Mithridates V Euergetes
• 120–63 BC
Mithridates VI Eupator
• 63–47 BC
Pharnaces II
• 47–37 BC
Darius
• 37 BC
Arsaces
• 37–8 BC
Polemon I
• 8 BC – 38 AD
Pythodorida
• 38 AD – 62 AD
Polemon II
History
• Founded by Mithridates I
281 BC
• Conquered by Pompey of the Roman Republic, remained as a client state (eastern part of the kingdom).
63 BC
• Annexed by the Roman Empire under Emperor Nero.
62 AD
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Antigonid dynasty
Roman Republic
Pontus (Greek: ΠόντοςPontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin,[2][3][4][5] which possibly may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty.[6][5] The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281BC[7] and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63BC.[8] The Kingdom of Pontus reached its largest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated.[9]
The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian,[10][5] with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC.[11]
^Brian McGing, “PONTUS,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2004, available at https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pontus
^The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, by B. C. McGing, p. 11
^Children of Achilles: The Greeks in Asia Minor Since the Days of Troy, by John Freely, p. 69–70
^Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome, by Daniela Dueck, p. 3.
^Bosworth, A. B.; Wheatley, P. V. (November 1998). "The origins of the Pontic house". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 118: 155–164. doi:10.2307/632236. ISSN 2041-4099. JSTOR 632236. S2CID 162855144.
^Strabo Geography 12.3
^Östenberg, Ida (December 2013). "Veni Vidi Vici and Caesar's Triumph". Classical Quarterly. 63 (2): 819. doi:10.1017/S0009838813000281. ISSN 0009-8388. S2CID 170291549.
^Kantor, Georgy (2012), "Mithradatic wars", The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Blackwell Publishing, doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah09172, ISBN 9781444338386
^Children of Achilles: The Greeks in Asia Minor Since the Days of Troy, by John Freely, p. 69–70
^The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, by B.C. McGing, p. 11
Pontus (Greek: Πόντος Pontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region ofPontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic...
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Rome drove Pontus and its ally Armenia out of Asia proper, reasserted Roman dominance over Anatolia by 71 BC, and conquered the KingdomofPontus. Mithridates...
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Mithridates III of Cius, was a Persian nobleman and the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes, literally Builder) of the KingdomofPontus in Anatolia...
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sixth ruler of the KingdomofPontus. Mithridates IV was of Persian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. He was born to Mithridates III ofPontus and Laodice...
deposed for the formation of Roman Judea.[citation needed] The KingdomofPontus was a Hellenistic kingdom on the southern coast of the Black Sea. It was...
ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus to the east, and separated from Phrygia...
Cimmerians Cimmerian Bosporus Getae KingdomofPontus Odrysian kingdom Spartocids Tanais Tablets Hind, John. "The Bosporan Kingdom". In Lewis, D. M.; Boardman...
Mithridates IV ofPontus and a sister called Laodice who both succeeded Pharnaces. He was born and raised in the KingdomofPontus. The date of his accession...
This is a list of monarchs ofPontus, an ancient Hellenistic kingdomof Persian origin in Asia Minor. Mithridates I Ktistes 281–266 BC Ariobarzanes 266...
the KingdomofPontus and many Greek cities rebelling against Roman rule were led by Mithridates VI ofPontus against Rome and the allied Kingdomof Bithynia...
founder of the KingdomofPontus Mithridates II ofPontus (r. c. 250–220 BC) Mithridates III ofPontus (r. c. 220–185 BC) Mithridates IV ofPontus (r. c. 170–150...
Pythodoris ofPontus (Ancient Greek: Πυθοδωρίς, 30 BC or 29 BC – 38) was a Roman client queen ofPontus, the Bosporan Kingdom, Cilicia, and Cappadocia...
the KingdomofPontus. She was the wife of the Armenian King Tigranes the Great. She married Tigranes in 94 BC, cementing the alliance between Pontus and...
scholarship tends to be skeptical about the existence of a united Median kingdom or state, at least for most of the 7th century BCE. According to classical historiography...
Arsaces ofPontus (flourished 1st century BC) was a prince from the KingdomofPontus. He was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. Arsaces...
"Northern Pontic [Greeks]", in contrast to those from "South Pontus", which strictly speaking is Pontus proper. Those from Georgia, northeastern Anatolia, and...
extent under the rule of Mithridates VI, who is considered the greatest ruler of the KingdomofPontus. They were prominent enemies of the Roman Republic...
8 BC) was the Roman Client King of Cilicia, Pontus, Colchis and the Bosporan Kingdom. Polemon was the son and heir of Zenon and possibly Tryphaena. Zenon...
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