Regno de Càndia(Venetian) Βασίλειο της Κάντιας(Greek)
1205–1667
Flag
Coat of arms
The Lion of Saint Mark, symbol of the Republic of Venice, standing guard over a map of Crete
Status
Colony of the Republic of Venice
Capital
Candia
Common languages
Greek (Cretan Greek)
Venetian
Latin
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Government
Venetian Colonial Government
Duke of Crete
• 1209–1214
Giacomo Tiepolo (first)
• 1667
Girolamo Battagia (last)
Historical era
Late Middle Ages and Renaissance
• Fourth Crusade
1204
• Cession to Venice
1205
• Revolt of St. Titus
1363–1368
• Ottoman conquest of Cyprus
1571
• Ottoman conquest of Crete
1667
• Ottoman conquest of offshore Cretan isles
1715
Currency
Venetian coinage
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Byzantine Crete
Ottoman Crete
Today part of
Greece
The Realm or Kingdom of Candia (Venetian: Regno de Càndia; Italian: Regno di Candia) or Duchy of Candia (Venetian: Dogado de Càndia; Italian: Ducato di Candia) was the official name of Crete during the island's period as an overseas colony of the Republic of Venice, from the initial Venetian conquest in 1205–1212 to its fall to the Ottoman Empire during the Cretan War (1645–1669). The island was at the time and up to the early modern era commonly known as Candia after its capital, Candia or Chandax (modern Heraklion). In modern Greek historiography, the period is known as the Venetocracy (Greek: Βενετοκρατία, romanized: Venetokratía, or Ενετοκρατία, Enetokratía).
The island of Crete had formed part of the Byzantine Empire until 1204, when the Fourth Crusade dissolved the empire and divided its territories amongst the crusader leaders (see Frankokratia). Crete was initially allotted to Boniface of Montferrat, but, unable to enforce his control over the island, he soon sold his rights to Venice. Venetian troops first occupied the island in 1205, but it took until 1212 for it to be secured, especially against the opposition of Venice's rival Genoa. Thereafter, the new colony took shape: the island was divided into six provinces (sestieri) named after the divisions of the city of Venice itself, while the capital Candia was directly subjected to the Commune Veneciarum. The islands of Tinos and Cythera, also under Venetian control, came under the kingdom's purview. In the early 14th century, this division was replaced by four provinces, almost identical to the four modern prefectures.
During the first two centuries of Venetian rule, revolts by the native Orthodox Greek population against the Roman Catholic Venetians were frequent, often supported by the Empire of Nicaea. Fourteen revolts are counted between 1207 and the last major uprising, the Revolt of St. Titus in the 1360s, which united the Greeks and the Venetian coloni against the financial exactions of the metropolis. Thereafter, and despite occasional revolts and Turkish raids, the island largely prospered, and Venetian rule opened up a window into the ongoing Italian Renaissance. As a consequence, an artistic and literary revival unparalleled elsewhere in the Greek world took place: the Cretan School of painting, which culminated in the works of El Greco, united Italian and Byzantine forms, and a widespread literature using the local idiom emerged, culminating with the early 17th-century romances Erotokritos and Erophile.
After the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus in 1571, Crete was Venice's last major overseas possession. The Republic's relative military weakness, coupled with the island's wealth and its strategic location controlling the waterways of the Eastern Mediterranean attracted the attention of the Ottoman Empire. In the long and devastating Cretan War (1645–1669), the two states fought over the possession of Crete: the Ottomans quickly overran most of the island, but failed to take Candia, which held out, aided by Venetian naval superiority and Ottoman distractions elsewhere, until 1669. Only the three island fortresses of Souda, Gramvousa and Spinalonga remained in Venetian hands. Attempts to recover Candia during the Morean War failed, and these last Venetian outposts were finally taken by the Turks in 1715, during the last Ottoman–Venetian War.
or KingdomofCandia (Venetian: Regno de Càndia; Italian: Regno di Candia) or Duchy ofCandia (Venetian: Dogado de Càndia; Italian: Ducato di Candia) was...
siege ofCandia (now Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian-ruled capital city of the KingdomofCandia. Lasting...
name Candia can refer to: The House ofCandia, a noble family from Savoy (14th-16th) Alfredo Ovando Candía, 56th president of Bolivia Antoinette Candia-Bailey...
The Kingdomof Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος [vaˈsili.on tis eˈlaðos]) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic...
renamed Candia and became the seat of the Duke ofCandia, and the Venetian administrative district of Crete became known as "Regno di Candia" (Kingdomof Candia)...
Pedro de Candia (Pietro de Cândia) (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ðe kanˈdi.a]; Crete, KingdomofCandia 1485–1542 Chupas, Viceroyalty of Peru) was a...
island of Crete, a Venetian colony (the KingdomofCandia) from the Fourth Crusade, was also divided into six parts, named after the sestieri of Venice...
history of Crete but also of modern Greece. Their prominent position and privileges survived during the Venetian dominion of Crete as they were part of the...
centuries (the "KingdomofCandia"). The most important of the many rebellions that broke out during that period was the one known as the revolt of St. Titus...
number of palaces and fortifications appear to be part of a wider kingdom. For instance, Gla, located in the region of Boeotia, belonged to the state of nearby...
on the Greek island of Crete (then a Venetian colony known as the KingdomofCandia), and derived his surname Trapezuntius from the fact that his ancestors...
June. Cyril Lucaris was born in Candia (Heraklion), KingdomofCandia on 13 November 1572, when the island was part of the Venetian Republic's maritime...
Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdomof Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South...
Venizelou Square (Greek: Πλατεία Ελευθερίου Βενιζέλου) is a square in the city of Heraklion in Crete, named after the Cretan statesman Eleftherios Venizelos...
Greco was born in the KingdomofCandia (modern Crete), which was at that time part of the Republic of Venice, Italy, and the center of Post-Byzantine art...
family is attested in a charter of 1234, granted by the Venetian Duke ofCandia, and survived at least until the 16th century. The Vlastos (Βλαστός) family...
part of the Central Greece region. After the third and fourth largest Greek islands, Lesbos and Rhodes, the rest of the islands are two-thirds of the area...
show's regular Dungeon Master. Most of the games use Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition. Long seasons, featuring a core cast of players in seventeen or more episodes...
flag to be used by a head of state of Greece was that of King Otto of Greece. Following the establishment of the Kingdomof Greece in 1832, the 17-year...
(then Candia) to the controlling Venetian administration, written on the day of the earthquake and twenty days later. They describe the extent of damage...
This is a list of countries by population in 1500. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries...
a colony known as the "KingdomofCandia" (Italian: Regno di Candia) had been established, having as capital the city ofCandia (present-day Heraklion)...
Greeks Economy of Greece List of countries by number of billionaires List of companies of Greece List of wealthiest families List of Cypriot billionaires...
which gave Latin, Italian, and Venetian Candia, from which were derived French Candie and English Candy or Candia. Under Ottoman rule, in Ottoman Turkish...
language of government and religion in the Christian Nubian kingdoms, for most of their history. Greek, in its modern form, is the official language of Greece...
Principality of Achaea, the Duchy of Athens, the Duchy of the Archipelago, and the Kingdomof Thessalonica. Under the Latin Empire, elements of feudalism...
born near Sitia, Crete in 1553. Later, when he married, he came to live in Candia (now Heraklion) where he joined the Accademia dei Stravaganti. Kornaros...
the KingdomofCandia. According to the Notitia Dignitatum and the Synekdemos, Crete was governed by a consularis belonging to the senatorial rank of clarissimus...
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