Kingdom of Amber information

Kingdom of Amber
Kingdom of Amber
1128–1949
	Flag (c. 1699–1818) Coat of arms
	Jaipur State within Rajputana, in the Imperial Gazetteer of India (1909)
Status	Tributary state of Chauhans (1071-1200); Vassal state of the Mughal Empire (1562–1710 CE); Tributary state of Gwalior State and Indore State from (1790–1818 CE); Princely state of the British East India Company (1818–1858 CE) and Indian Empire (1858–1947 CE);
Capital	Dausa; (966–1028); Khoh; (1028–1146); Amber; (1146–1727); Jaipur; (1727–1949);
Common languages	Dhundari,; Hindi
Government	Monarchy; (1028–1818; 1947–1949); Princely state; (1818–1947)
Maharaja Sawai
• 1128-1133	Dulha Rai (first)
• 1922–1949	Man Singh II (last)
History
• Established	1128
• Acceded to India	1949
Currency	Indian Rupee
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Khoh
Dominion of India
Today part of	Rajasthan,; Republic of India

The Kingdom of Amber, also known as Kingdom of Dhundhar, and Jaipur State, was located in the north-eastern historic Dhundhar region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan. It was established by Dulha Rai, possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty of Gwalior who migrated to Dausa and started his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of Shakambhari in the 12th century. Mostly through 12th to 15th century, the kingdom faced stagnation, sources were scarce. Under its ruler, Raja Chandrasen Amer became a Sisodia vassal and fought in the Battle of Khanwa under Raja Prithviraj Kachhwaha.

Under Raja Bharmal, the kingdom heavily aligned with the Mughals and he even married his daughter to Akbar. His son and grandson Raja Bhagwant Das and Raja Man Singh I were leading generals in Akbar's army and helped him in expanding the empire. Mirza Raja Jai Singh I served under Shah Jahan and became a distinguished general. He fell out of Aurangzeb's favor when he was suspected of helping Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj escape from Mughal captivity in 1664. Sawai Jai Singh II became the ruler during the decline of the Mughal Empire. He successfully rebelled against the Mughals in 1708 to regain his confiscated kingdom. After Jai Singh's death, the kingdom was drained of its resources during the civil war amongst his sons Ishwari Singh and Madho Singh I and the Marathas caused the Kingdom to fall into economic downturn.

It became a Princely State under the English East India Company rule after signing a treaty creating a subsidiary alliance with the Company in the year 1818, after the Third Anglo-Maratha War. It acceded to the independent India in 1947 and was integrated into India by 1949.^[1]^[2] Upon integration, the ruler was granted a pension (privy purse), certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Jaipur" by the Government of India.^[1] However, the pension, privileges, and the use of the title were ended in 1971 by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.^[3]^[4]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference ramusack-pol-integration was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Copland, Ian (16 May 2002), The princes of India in the endgame of empire, 1917–1947, Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society, Cambridge University Press, p. 1, ISBN 9780521894364, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 12 September 2021, Between 1947 and 1949 all 600-odd ruling princes in India were pensioned off and their ancestral domains—the so-called 'princely states'—were submerged in the bodypolitic of the Indian union. Nowadays the few former rulers still alive are just ordinary citizens, while the ex-states survive—if at all—only in attenuated shape as components of larger administrative units. As a practical system of governance monarchy in India has been consigned to the dustbin of history.
^ "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, archived from the original on 23 March 2023, retrieved 9 November 2011
^ Schmidt, Karl J. (1995). An atlas and survey of South Asian history. M.E. Sharpe. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9. Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses.

[ramusack-pol-integration-1] Cite error: The named reference ramusack-pol-integration was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[copland-2] Copland, Ian (16 May 2002), The princes of India in the endgame of empire, 1917–1947, Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society, Cambridge University Press, p. 1, ISBN 9780521894364, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 12 September 2021, Between 1947 and 1949 all 600-odd ruling princes in India were pensioned off and their ancestral domains—the so-called 'princely states'—were submerged in the bodypolitic of the Indian union. Nowadays the few former rulers still alive are just ordinary citizens, while the ex-states survive—if at all—only in attenuated shape as components of larger administrative units. As a practical system of governance monarchy in India has been consigned to the dustbin of history.

[1971b-3] "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, archived from the original on 23 March 2023, retrieved 9 November 2011

[4] Schmidt, Karl J. (1995). An atlas and survey of South Asian history. M.E. Sharpe. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9. Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses.

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