A scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicting a number of Gram-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria.Transmission electron micrograph of parainfluenza virus. Two intact particles and free filamentous nucleocapsid.
Kennel cough (also "canine infectious respiratory disease" (CIRD), "canine infectious respiratory disease complex" (CIRDC) or "canine infectious tracheobronchitis" (CIT)) is an upper respiratory infection affecting dogs.[1] There are multiple causative agents, the most common being the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica (found in 78.7% of cases in Southern Germany), followed by canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV; 37.7% of cases), and to a lesser extent canine coronavirus (9.8% of cases).[2] It is highly contagious;[3] however, adult dogs may display immunity to reinfection even under constant exposure.[4] Kennel cough is so named because the infection can spread quickly among dogs in the close quarters of a kennel or animal shelter.
Viral and bacterial causes of canine cough are spread through airborne droplets produced by sneezing and coughing. These agents also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms begin after a several day incubation period post-exposure,[3] and in most cases will clear up on their own. However, in young puppies or immunocompromised animals, mixed or secondary infections can progress to lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia.[5]
^Crawford, Cynda (September 26, 2005). "Media Briefing on Canine Influenza". Media Relations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
^Cite error: The named reference Schulz_2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abEttinger, Stephen J.; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
^Bemis, DA; Carmichael, LE; Appel, MJ (April 1977). "Naturally occurring respiratory disease in a kennel caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica". The Cornell Veterinarian. 67 (2): 282–293. PMID 870289.
^Cite error: The named reference Sherding G. 2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
ventilation and dust in enclosed spaces. Kennelcough in dogs can result from a viral or bacterial infection. Deer can cough similarly to humans as a result of...
but the combination of Bordetella with DA2PPC significantly reduces kennelcough infection through prevention of adenovirus, distemper, and parainfluenza...
bronchiseptica causes several diseases in other mammals, including kennelcough in dogs and atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Other members of the genus cause...
zoonosis can be acquired by a person by inhalation of aerosols or droplets coughed up by the cat. In the United States, thirty-two percent of homes have at...
causes acute tracheobronchitis, which typically has a harsh, honking cough. Kennelcough can also be caused by canine adenovirus-2 or canine parainfluenza...
widely, from no signs to mild respiratory signs indistinguishable from kennelcough to severe pneumonia with vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and death. Commonly...
adenovirus-2) Canine herpesvirus Canine influenza CPV-2 (canine parvovirus) Kennelcough Leptospirosis Lyme disease An infectious disease is caused by the presence...
respiratory illness commonly known as "kennelcough" in addition to canine parainfluenza virus (another kennelcough agent). Vaccination against Lyme disease...
Taşköprü, a village in Turkey Canine infectious tracheobronchitis or "kennelcough" β-CIT (a.k.a. RTI-55), phenyltropane-based psychostimulant CIT (gene)...
leptospirosis, and a vaccination to minimize outbreaks of diseases such as kennelcough. All greyhounds in the UK must pass a pre-race veterinary inspection...
inflammation. This canine infectious tracheobronchitis is more usually known as kennelcough. Nseir, S.; Di Pompeo, C.; Pronnier, P.; Beague, S.; Onimus, T.; Saulnier...
"cat flu" misnomer), Feline calicivirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica (cat kennelcough), or Chlamydia felis (chlamydia). Cat flu is spread much the same way...
canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC; also known as kennelcough). aCIRDC does not respond to regular treatment protocols for CIRCD and...
encephalitis. Canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2) is one of the potential causes of kennelcough. Core vaccines for dogs include attenuated live CAdV-2, which produces...
dark steel-grey on the body; no other colour is accepted by either The Kennel Club or the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. It is a playful and energetic...
infection in a dog that has been vaccinated for the other major causes of kennelcough increases suspicion of infection with canine influenza, especially in...
Company. pp. 303–305. Tizard, Ian (1998). "Grease, Anthraxgate, and KennelCough: A Revisionist History of Early Veterinary Vaccines". In Schultz, Ronald...
leptospirosis, a vaccination to minimize outbreaks of diseases such as kennelcough and a retirement bond before being allowed to race. All tracks are required...
Letter – CD/LP – August 5, 2014 MRG522 – Flesh Wounds – "Bitter Boy" b/w "KennelCough" and "Let Me Be Clear" – 7-inch – May 13, 2014 MRG523 – Hiss Golden Messenger...
in dogs. Associated species include C. perfringens and C. difficile. Kennelcough is an infectious respiratory disease which can be caused by one of several...
abortion, stillbirths, and infertility. It is also an infrequent cause of kennelcough. However, sexual contact is not the primary cause of transmission. Most...
to prevent infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB). ITB, commonly known as kennelcough, typically spreads in highly populated environments such as kennels and...
begins to cough during a ceremony in the village church. This passes without being noticed by Dr. Welch, but when other children start coughing as well...
21, 2022). "Biden, 79, is experiencing fatigue, a runny nose and a dry cough after testing positive". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2022. Liptak...
author Halldór Laxness. "Symptoms of Lungworm". thekennelclub.org.uk. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 21 June 2022. lungworm usually causes progressively worsening...
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