Michael Manley in a short-sleeved Kariba suit, 1970s
A Kariba or Kareeba suit is a two-piece suit for men created by Jamaican designer Ivy Ralph, mother of Sheryl Lee Ralph, in the early 1970s to be worn on business and formal occasions as a Caribbean replacement for the European-style suit and a visual symbol of decolonisation.[1] The suit was popularised by Michael Manley, the leader of the People's National Party (PNP).[2] The style of the jacket is considered a formalised version of a safari jacket or bush shirt common in Africa, worn without a shirt and tie, making it more comfortable clothing for a tropical climate.[3]
After PNP came to power in Jamaica in 1972, the Parliament passed a law recognising that the Kariba suit was appropriate for official functions and Manley, by now Prime Minister, wore a "fancy black one" when he met Queen Elizabeth II.[1] Member's of Manley's political party, PNP, became recognizable by their adoption of the Kariba suit, rather than a western suit and tie favoured the opposition party JLP. The Kariba suit was a symbol of "cultural decolonisation". In his memoirs, The Politics of Change, Manley called the decision to wear a jacket and tie, in the tropical realties of the Caribbean, the "first act of psychological surrender" to "colonial trauma". In 1981 the newly formed JLP government announced that the Kariba suit was no longer considered proper dress for parliamentarians. Parliament then required that MPs, visitors and journalists dress "with propriety": interpreted as no Kariba suits and no guayabera shirts.[2] Whether as a consequence of this or not, Manley himself seems to have abandoned the Kariba suit during his second tenure as Prime Minister from 1989 to 1992.
In its heyday, the style of suit was also popular with other politicians, notably people like D.K. Duncan, a member of PNP, Errol Barrow prime minister of Barbados, Forbes Burnham president of Guyana, and Julius Nyerere president of Tanzania. Ivy Ralph, the designer of the Kariba suit, was awarded the Order of Distinction in 1999 for outstanding contribution to the promotion of fashion.[4]
^ abBlumenthal, Ralph (24 March 1976). "Kareeba: Jamaica's 'Uniform'". New York Times.
^ abWaters, Anita M. (January 1985). Race, Class, and Political Symbols: Rastafari and Reggae in Jamaican Politics. New Brunswick, London: Transaction Publishers. p. 180. ISBN 9781412832687.
^Condra, Jill (2013). Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing Around the World. ABC-CLIO. p. 127. ISBN 9780313376375.
^"Ivy Ralph the Original Diva, says daughter Sheryl". Jamaica Observer. 7 October 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
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