"Kalmyk language" redirects here. For discussion of the language of the Oirat people in general, see Oirat language.
Kalmyk
Хальмг келн Haľmg keln ᡍᠠᠯᡅᡏᠠᡎ ᡍᡄᠯᡄᠨ
Native to
Russia
Region
Kalmykia
Ethnicity
Kalmyks
Native speakers
110,000 (2021)[1]
Language family
Mongolic
Central Mongolic
Buryat–Mongolian
Mongolian
Oirat
Kalmyk
Writing system
Cyrillic, Latin, Clear script
Official status
Official language in
Russia
Kalmykia
Kyrgyzstan
Issyk-Kul Region
Language codes
ISO 639-2
xal
ISO 639-3
xal
Linguist List
xal-kal
Glottolog
kalm1244
ELP
Kalmyk-Oirat
Kalmyk Oirat is classified as Definitively Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
[2]
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A bilingual (Russian and Kalmyk) sign with the text "Clean zone!" at the Elista bus station
Kalmyk Oirat (Kalmyk: Хальмг Өөрдин келн, Haľmg Öördin keln, IPA:[xalʲˈməkøːrˈdinkeˈlən]),[3] commonly known as the Kalmyk language (Kalmyk: Хальмг келн, Haľmg keln, IPA:[xalʲˈməkkeˈlən]), is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat language (based on the Torgut dialect), which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "Definitely endangered".[4] According to the Russian census of 2021, there are 110,000 speakers of an ethnic population consisting of 178,000 people.[1]
archaic Oirat script means exactly that, the "pastures" (Oirat-Kalmyk dictionary, 1977). The ancestors of Kalmyks were nomadic groups of Oirat-speaking...
The Kalmyk Khanate (Kalmyk: Хальмг хана улс, Xal'mg xana uls) was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding...
The Sart Kalmyks are an ethnic group of the Oirats, who live in Issyk Kul Province, Kyrgyzstan. Their population is estimated to be c. 12,000. They are...
Kalmyk Americans are Americans of Kalmyk Mongolian ancestry. American Kalmyks initially established communities in the United States following a mass...
Oirat (Mongolian: Дөрвөн Ойрад, Dorben Oirad; Chinese: 四衛拉特); also Oirads and formerly Eleuths, alternatively known as the Alliance of the Four Oirat...
a dialect of the Oirat language spoken in Xinjiang, in western Mongolia and in eastern Kalmykia (where it was the basis for Kalmyk, the literary standard...
Sart Kalmyk is an endangered and underdocumented Central Mongolic Oirat language variety spoken by the Sart Kalmyks in Ak-Suu District, Issyk-Kul Region...
Russia. In 1699 group of the Dörbets of Oirat, a Choros clan within the Oirat tribe, migrated from the Buddhist Kalmyk people in the Volga River area to join...
This is a list of notable Oirats: Khutuga bekhi, leader of the Oirats (late 12th century – early 13th century) Al-Adil Kitbugha 10th Mamluk Sultan of...
garrison at Astrakhan. The remaining nomadic Mongol Oirat tribes became vassals of the Kalmyk Khan. The Kalmyks settled in the wide-open steppes – from Saratov...
Oirat confederation. They were also known as the Eleuths or Ööled, from the Qing dynasty euphemism for the hated word "Dzungar", and as the "Kalmyks"...
Oirat Mongol Kalmyk Khanate was founded in the 17th century with Tibetan Buddhism as its main religion, following the earlier migration of the Oirats...
Traditionally Russia used the Old Church Slavonic language and Slavonic Bible, and in the modern era Bible translations into Russian. The minority languages...
refer to: xal, the ISO 639-3 language code for the Oirat language xal, the ISO 639 code for KalmykOirat Xal, a traditional Kurdish tattoo eXtensible Application...
1937 to promote traditional Kalmyk music. Epic bard and throat singer Okna Tsahan Zam is a Kalmyk who performs the ancient Oirat epic Jangar. He usually accompanies...
Oirat Mongol Kalmyk Khanate was founded in the 17th century with Tibetan Buddhism as its main religion, following the earlier migration of the Oirats...
documentary as KalmykOirat, a tongue spoken by the isolated nomadic Kalmyks. He describes how, after some research, he identified an 80-year-old Kalmyk refugee...
of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct...
The Kalmyk deportations of 1943, codename Operation Ulusy (Russian: Операция «Улусы») was the Soviet deportation of more than 93,000 people of Kalmyk nationality...
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