Crusader victory, the pagans converted to Christianity.
Belligerents
Norway Kingdom of Denmark
Norse pagans
Commanders and leaders
Sigurd I of Norway
v
t
e
Crusades
Ideology and institutions
Crusading movement
In the Holy Land (1095–1291)
First
1101
Norwegian
Venetian
1129
Second
Third
1197
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Barons'
Seventh
1267
Catalan
Eighth
Lord Edward's
Fall of Outremer
Later Crusades (1291–1717)
Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399
Aragonese
Smyrniote
Alexandrian
Savoyard
Barbary
1390
1398
1399
Nicopolis
Varna
Holy Leagues
1332
1495
1511
1526
1535
1538
1571
1594
1684
1717
Northern (1147–1410)
Kalmar
Wendish
Swedish
1150
1249
1293
Livonian
Prussian
Lithuanian
Russian
Tatar
Against heretics (1209–1485)
Albigensian
Drenther
Stedinger
Bosnian
Bohemian
Despenser's
Hussite
Popular (1096–1320)
People's (1096)
Children's
Shepherds' (1251)
Crusade of the Poor
Shepherds' (1320)
Reconquista (722–1492)
The Kalmar Expedition (Swedish: Kalmare ledung)[1] was a sea-based crusade or leidang led by the Norwegian king Sigurd the Crusader performed in 1123 to Christianize the region of Småland before the consolidation of Sweden was completed.
The crusade can be dated relatively accurately with information from Snorri Sturluson stating that the crusade must have taken place in the summer before the "great darkness". On 11 August 1124, a solar eclipse occurred,[2] which means that the crusade most likely took place during the period June–August 1123.[3]
While the rest of Sweden had become at least Christian by appearance by the 1080s, the province of Småland had experienced very little contact with Christianity and remained openly pagan in the 1120s, with the inhabitants still openly worshiping the Norse gods. Sigurd the Crusader made a pact with King Niels of Denmark to perform a crusade against Småland and force Christianity upon the pagans. There is no mention of a Christian Swedish king even though the crusade took place against a nominally Swedish province, and the Danish king was married to a Swedish princess, Margaret Fredkulla. The Danish king did not follow the agreement and never participated in the crusade, but the Norwegian king performed the leidang in 1123. Contemporary Swedish sources do confirm warfare between pagans and Norwegian crusaders in the southeastern corner of Småland and on the island of Öland. The Norwegian crusader army reportedly successfully forced the inhabitants to submit to Christianity and brought 1500 cattle and many valuables with them back to Norway.[4]
^Nyberg, Tore (2018). Monasticism in North-Western Europe, 800–1200. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9781351761369. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
^"Total Solar Eclipse of 1124 August 11". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA.
^Dick Harrison (2005). Gud vill det! (in Swedish). Stockholm: Ordfront förlag. ISBN 91-7037-119-9.
^Lars Lagerqvist (1982). Sverige och dess regenter under 1000 år (in Swedish). Stockholm: Bonniers förlags AB. ISBN 91-0-075007-7.
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