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Kalfa (Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the imperial palace.[1]
Novice girls had to await promotion to the rank of kalfa.[1] It was a rank below that of usta ('master'), the title of the leading administrative/supervisory officers of the harem. The titles usta and kalfa belong to the terminology of Ottoman guild organization and other hierarchically-organized corporate bodies. Legally slave girls, these women—depending on their rank—could wield considerable authority and influence in their duties and were generally treated with much respect by lower-ranking attendants in the harem as well as by members of the imperial family.[1]
Among craftsmen the term had a similar rank: that of a junior master yet to graduate to usta status[2] and open his own shop.
^ abcThe Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
^
Berktay, Halil; Koulouri, Christina; Murgescu, Bogdan, eds. (2005). Ottoman Empire. Teaching modern southeast European history : alternative educational materials / series editor Christina Koulouri, Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe, ISBN 9608685729, 9789608685727. Vol. 1. Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe. p. 93. ISBN 9789608685734. Retrieved 31 October 2019. Generally, in order to become a master (usta), one had first to be an apprentice (çirak) and then an aid (kalfa).
Kalfa (Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the...
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Skee". Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SHYNE and Naftali Kalfa with Piamenta - BRIDGES נפתלי כלפה מארח את שיין - גשר. YouTube. Archived...
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